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Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56 (2006), 715-720; DOI  10.1099/ijs.0.63808-0
© 2006 International Union of Microbiological Societies

Clostridium schirmacherense sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic, proteolytic, psychrophilic bacterium isolated from lake sediment of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica

Syed Imteyaz Alam1, Aparna Dixit1, G. S. N. Reddy2, S. Dube3, Meehir Palit4, S. Shivaji3 and Lokendra Singh1

1 Biotechnology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior – 474002, India
2 School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
3 Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad – 500007, India
4 Vertox Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior – 474002, India

Correspondence
Lokendra Singh
lst2397{at}rediffmail.com

A novel obligately anaerobic, proteolytic bacterium, designated AP15T, was isolated from lake sediments of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica. The bacterium produced maximum cell mass between 5 and 10 °C in an anaerobic basal medium containing 0·5 % tryptone and peptone. The strain grew optimally at a pH around 8·0 and tolerated NaCl up to a concentration of 7·5 %. It contained diphosphatidylglycerol as the major phospholipid and C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. Several amino acids, including arginine, leucine, isoleucine, cysteine, glutamate and serine, supported growth. Glutamate was degraded to acetate, propionate, CO2 and H2. In addition, the strain degraded carbohydrates including glucose, raffinose, adonitol, ribose and rhamnose. The main fermentation products during growth on glucose were H2, CO2, formate, acetate, propionate and isovalerate. The DNA G+C content of the bacterium was 24 mol%. On the basis of a phylogenetic analysis, strain AP15T is identified as a close relative of Clostridium subterminale ATCC 25774T, with which it shares 99·5 % similarity at the 16S rRNA gene sequence level; however, it exhibits a low DNA–DNA binding value (55 %) to this strain at the whole-genome level. In addition to showing other major differences with respect to C. subterminale and other members of the genus Clostridium, AP15T also exhibits phenotypic differences. On the basis of these differences, strain AP15T is identified as representing a novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium schirmacherense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AP15T (=DSM 17394T=JCM 13289T).

Published online ahead of print on 18 November 2005 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.63808-0.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain AP15T is AM114453.

Details of glucose fermentation and amino acid fermentation by strain AP15T are available as supplementary tables in IJSEM Online.






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