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Desulfurobacterium atlanticum sp. nov., Desulfurobacterium pacificum sp. nov. and Thermovibrio guaymasensis sp. nov., three thermophilic members of the Desulfurobacteriaceae fam. nov., a deep branching lineage within the Bacteria

S. L'Haridon¹, A.-L. Reysenbach², B. J. Tindall³, P. Schönheit⁴, A. Banta², U. Johnsen⁴, P. Schumann³, A. Gambacorta⁵, E. Stackebrandt³ and C. Jeanthon^1,

¹ UMR 6197, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IFREMER and Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IFREMER Centre de Brest, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
² Portland State University, Department of Biology, Portland, OR 97201, USA
³ German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures DSMZ, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, D–38124 Braunschweig, Germany
⁴ Institut für Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
⁵ Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Puzzuoli, Napoli, Italy

Correspondence
C. Jeanthon
jeanthon{at}sb-roscoff.fr

Three thermophilic, anaerobic, strictly chemolithoautotrophic, sulphur- and/or thiosulphate-reducing bacteria, designated SL17^T, SL19^T and SL22^T, were isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal samples collected at 13 °N (East Pacific Rise), Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) and 23 °N (Mid-Atlantic Ridge), respectively. These strains differed in their morphology, temperature range and optimum for growth, energy substrates and 16S rRNA gene sequences. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 41 mol% (SL22^T), 42 mol% (SL17^T) and 46 mol% (SL19^T). Comparative analysis of phenotypic and phylogenetic traits indicated that strains SL17^T and SL22^T represented two novel species of the genus Desulfurobacterium and that strain SL19^T should be considered as a novel species of the genus Thermovibrio. The names Desulfurobacterium pacificum sp. nov. (type strain SL17^T=DSM 15522^T=JCM 12127^T), Desulfurobacterium atlanticum sp. nov. (type strain SL22^T=DSM 15668^T=JCM 12129^T) and Thermovibrio guaymasensis sp. nov. (type strain SL19^T=DSM 15521^T=JCM 12128^T) are proposed for these organisms. Furthermore, phylogenetic data based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses correlated with the significant phenotypic differences between members of the lineage encompassing the genera Desulfurobacterium, Thermovibrio and Balnearium and that of the families Aquificaceae and Hydrogenothermaceae. It is therefore proposed that this lineage represents a new family, Desulfurobacteriaceae fam. nov., within the order Aquificales.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains SL17^T, SL19^T and SL22^T are AY268936, AY268937 and AY268939, respectively.

Supplementary tables detailing the respiratory lipoquinone composition and cellular fatty acid content of the three novel strains and the reductive citric acid cycle enzymes of Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum are available in IJSEM Online. Electron micrographs of cells of the three novel strains, TLCs of polar lipids and a figure depicting the structure of the aminophospholipid of D. thermolithotrophum are also available as supplementary figures.

Present address: UMR 7144, Equipe Prokaryotes Photosynthétiques Marins, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.

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