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Mycobacterium monacense sp. nov.

¹ Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
² DSMZ – Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
³ Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
⁴ Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LGL), Oberschleißheim, Germany
⁵ Mycobacteriology Reference Center, Microbiology Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
⁶ Cytogenetics and Genetics Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
⁷ Microbiological and Virological Serum-Immunology Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy

Correspondence
Enrico Tortoli
e.tortoli{at}libero.it

Four bacterial strains were isolated from independent clinical specimens in different countries and their genotypic and phenotypic characters support their classification in a novel species within the genus Mycobacterium. One strain was clearly responsible for a severe, post-traumatic wound infection in a healthy boy. The novel species, for which the name Mycobacterium monacense sp. nov. is proposed, is yellow-pigmented, non-photochromogenic and grows in less than a week on solid medium. Based on phenotypic investigations alone, distinction of these four strains from known scotochromogenic rapidly growing strains is problematic. However, the novel strains differ from any other mycobacterium in each of the molecular species markers investigated: the 16S rRNA gene, the 16S–23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer and the hsp65 gene. Of the strains investigated, two different sequevars were detected for the hsp65 region. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these four strains were most closely related to Mycobacterium doricum. The type strain of Mycobacterium monacense sp. nov. is B9-21-178^T (=DSM 44395^T=CIP 109237^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of B9-21-178^T is AF107039. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the hsp65 gene sequences of strains FI-00234, FI-03115 and FI-05352 are DQ381731, DQ381730 and DQ381732, respectively. Those for the ITS sequences of B9-21-178^T, FI-03115, the six sequence variants of FI-00234 and the seven sequence variants of FI-05352 are DQ473393, DQ381726, DQ466891–DQ466896 and DQ466897–DQ466903, respectively.

A phylogenetic tree based on hsp65 gene sequences of selected mycobacterial species and a table giving the fatty acid contents of strain B9-21-178^T and related mycobacteria are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.