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Paludibacter propionicigenes gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative, propionate-producing bacterium isolated from plant residue in irrigated rice-field soil in Japan

Atsuko Ueki, Hiroshi Akasaka, Daisuke Suzuki and Katsuji Ueki

Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan

Correspondence
Atsuko Ueki
uatsuko{at}tds1.tr.yamagata-u.ac.jp

A strictly anaerobic, propionate-producing bacterial strain (WB4^T) isolated from rice plant residue in anoxic rice-field soil in Japan was characterized phenotypically and phylogenetically. Cells were Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, short rods. The strain utilized various sugars and produced propionate and acetate as major fermentation products with a small amount of succinate. The optimum growth temperature was 30 °C. Oxidase, catalase and nitrate-reducing activities were negative. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C_{15 : 0}, C_{15 : 0} and anteiso-C_{17 : 0} 3-OH. Menaquinone MK-8(H₄) was the major respiratory quinone. The genomic DNA G+C content was 39·3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the strain in the phylum ‘Bacteroidetes’. The closest relative to strain WB4^T was an environmental clone from water contaminated with equine manure (sequence similarity of 99·7 %) and the strain formed a distinct cluster with other environmental clones mainly from freshwater sediments. The closest recognized species were members of the genus Dysgonomonas, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 90·9–89·8 %. Bacteroides merdae was the next closest recognized species (similarity of 88·7 % to the type strain). Given that the ecological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain WB4^T were different from those of any related species, a new genus and species Paludibacter propionicigenes gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate it. The type strain is WB4^T (=JCM 13257^T=DSM 17365^T).

Published online ahead of print on 9 September 2005 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.63896-0.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WB4^T is AB078842.

Present address: Creative Research Initiative ‘Sousei’ (CRIS), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.

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