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Shewanella hafniensis sp. nov. and Shewanella morhuae sp. nov., isolated from marine fish of the Baltic Sea

¹ National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, 236-8648, Japan
² California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, 89-2, Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
³ Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, Department of Seafood Research, Søltofts Plads, DTU bldg 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

Correspondence
Kasthuri Venkateswaran
kjvenkat{at}jpl.nasa.gov

Two novel species belonging to the genus Shewanella are described on the basis of their phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences and levels of DNA–DNA hybridization. A total of 47 strains belonging to two novel Gram-negative, psychrotolerant, H₂S-producing bacterial species were isolated from marine fish (cod and flounder) caught from the Baltic Sea off Denmark. The phenotypic characteristics of strains belonging to group 1 (14 strains) indicated that these represented a non-sucrose-assimilating variant of Shewanella baltica with a DNA G+C content of 47·0 mol%. Strains of group 2 (33 isolates) did not utilize the carbon substrates assimilated by S. baltica except gluconate, N-acetylglucosamine and malate. Their DNA G+C content was 44·0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence data placed the two novel species within the genus Shewanella. Group 1 strains showed greatest sequence similarity to Shewanella putrefaciens ATCC 8071^T (99·0 %) and with S. baltica NCTC 10375^T (98·3 %). However, gyrB gene sequence analysis showed these isolates to share only 90·0 % sequence similarity with S. putrefaciens ATCC 8071^T and 93·9 % with S. baltica NCTC 10375^T. Similarly, DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed DNA relatedness levels of 38 % between the group 1 isolates and S. putrefaciens ATCC 8071^T and 43 % with S. baltica NCTC 10375^T. The group 2 strains shared less than 97 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with recognized Shewanella species. Comparisons between the two novel species indicated 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98 %, gyrB gene sequence similarity of 89 % and DNA–DNA reassociation values of 20–34 %. Based on the evidence presented, two novel species, Shewanella hafniensis sp. nov. (type strain P010^T=ATCC BAA-1207^T=NBRC 100975^T) and Shewanella morhuae sp. nov. (type strain U1417^T=ATCC BAA-1205^T=NBRC 100978^T), are described.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences for Shewanella hafniensis P010^T are AB205566 and AB208056 and for Shewanella morhuae U1417^T are AB205576 and AB208062, respectively; accession numbers for other new isolates are indicated in Figs 1 and 2.

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