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Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense sp. nov., an extremely thermophilic, facultatively heterotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium from Yellowstone National Park, and emended descriptions of the genus Sulfurihydrogenibium, Sulfurihydrogenibium subterraneum and Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense

¹ Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
² Department of Biology, Portland Sate University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
³ Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1

Correspondence
A.-L. Reysenbach
reysenbacha{at}pdx.edu

A novel thermophilic, sulfur-oxidizing Gram-negative bacterium, designated strain SS-5^T, was isolated from the Calcite Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park, USA. The cells were motile rods (1·2–2·8 µm long and 0·6–0·8 µm wide). The new isolate was a facultative heterotroph capable of using elemental sulfur or thiosulfate as an electron donor and O₂ (1–18 %; optimum 6 %, v/v) as an electron acceptor. Hydrogen did not support growth. The isolate grew autotrophically with CO₂. In addition, strain SS-5^T utilized various organic carbon sources such as yeast extract, tryptone, sugars, amino acids and organic acids. Growth was observed between 55 and 78 °C (optimum 70 °C; 3·5 h doubling time), pH 6·0 and 8·0 (optimum pH 7·5), and 0 and 0·6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 32 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate was a member of the genus Sulfurihydrogenibium. On the basis of the physiological and molecular characteristics of the new isolate, we propose the name Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense sp. nov. with SS-5^T (=JCM 12773^T=OCM 840^T) as the type strain. In addition, emended descriptions of the genus Sulfurihydrogenibium, Sulfurihydrogenibium subterraneum and Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense are proposed.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the partial 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SS-5^T is AY686713.

Graphs showing the effects of temperature, pH, and NaCl and O₂ concentrations on the growth of Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense SS-5^T, and sulfate production during growth on mjTSO medium lacking thiosulfate and all sulfate-containing salts are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.

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