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Defluvicoccus vanus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel Gram-negative coccus/coccobacillus in the ‘Alphaproteobacteria’ from activated sludge

A. M. Maszenan^1,, R. J. Seviour¹, B. K. C. Patel², P. H. Janssen³ and J. Wanner⁴

¹ Biotechnology Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria 3550, Australia
² School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
³ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
⁴ Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Prague Institute of Chemical Technology, Praha 6, Czech Republic

Correspondence
R. J. Seviour
r.seviour{at}latrobe.edu.au

A novel Gram-negative coccus/coccobacillus, strain Ben 114^T, growing in tetrads, clusters or aggregates, was isolated from activated sludge by micromanipulation. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that it belonged to the ‘Alphaproteobacteria’, with no close relatives among cultured bacterial isolates. On the basis of phylogenetic data, this organism is considered to belong to a new genus, Defluvicoccus, represented by the species Defluvicoccus vanus sp. nov., a name chosen because of the distinctive staining properties of this organism; only the cell wall stained strongly with a wide range of stains, giving the cell a hollow and empty appearance. No intracellular polyphosphate granules could be detected after staining, but poly--hydroxyalkanoate inclusions were detected using Nile blue A staining. Because of its taxonomic distance from its closest relatives among the ‘Alphaproteobacteria’, namely members of the genera Azospirillum, Phaeospirillum, Rhodospirillum, Rhodocista, Magnetospirillum and Rhodospira, D. vanus is considered to represent a new phylogenetic lineage within subgroup 1 of the ‘Alphaproteobacteria’, the D. vanus subgroup. The type strain is Ben 114^T (=NCIMB 13612^T=CIP 107350^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Ben 114^T is AF179678.

Present address: Environmental Engineering Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798.

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