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Dechloromonas hortensis sp. nov. and strain ASK-1, two novel (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria, and taxonomic description of strain GR-1

¹ Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands
² Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Oryong-dong 1, Puk-gu, Gwangju, Korea
³ Laboratory of Toxicology, Pathology and Genetics, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
⁴ Akzo Nobel Central Research, Analytical and Environmental Chemistry Department, PO Box 9300, 6800 SB Arnhem, The Netherlands

Correspondence
Servé W. M. Kengen
serve.kengen{at}wur.nl

Recent studies on the occurrence of (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria have resulted in the characterization of strains capable of dissimilatory (per)chlorate reduction. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that these bacteria are members of the Proteobacteria. Strains have been isolated from polluted and pristine sites, but only strains from polluted sites have been characterized in detail and deposited in culture collections. Herein we describe the isolation and characterization of perchlorate-reducing bacterium strain MA-1^T and chlorate-reducing bacterium strain ASK-1, respectively isolated from a pristine and a chlorate-polluted site. Both isolates are members of the Proteobacteria. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of MA-1^T to Dechloromonas agitata DSM 13637^T is 97·6 %, but the relatedness in DNA–DNA reassociation is only 37 %. Therefore, we propose to classify strain MA-1^T (=DSM 15637^T=ATCC BAA-776^T) as the type strain of a novel species, Dechloromonas hortensis sp. nov. Strain ASK-1 and a previously described strain GR-1 show 100 and 99 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Pseudomonas chloritidismutans DSM 13592^T and Dechlorosoma suillum DSM 13638^T, respectively. DNA–DNA hybridization studies indicated that strains ASK-1 and GR-1 are related at the species level to P. chloritidismutans DSM 13592^T (79 %) and Dechlorosoma suillum DSM 13638^T (85 %), respectively. As suggested previously, Dechlorosoma suillum appears to be a later heterotypic synonym of Azospira oryzae. Although strain ASK-1 is identified as P. chloritidismutans, its morphology and growth requirements are different from those of the type strain.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains ASK-1, MA-1 and GR-1 are AY277620, AY277621 and AY277622.

Photographs of colonies and cell extracts of P. chloritidismutans and strain ASK-1 and a transmission electron micrograph of cells of strain GR-1 are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.

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