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Methylohalobius crimeensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, methanotrophic bacterium isolated from hypersaline lakes of Crimea

Jürgen Heyer¹, Ursula Berger², Martin Hardt³ and Peter F. Dunfield^1,

¹ Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
² Research Centre Karlsruhe, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
³ Zentrale Biotechnische Betriebseinheit, Justus-Liebig-Universität, D-35392 Giessen, Germany

Correspondence
Peter F. Dunfield
p.dunfield{at}gns.cri.nz

A novel genus and species are proposed for two strains of methanotrophic bacteria isolated from hypersaline lakes in the Crimean Peninsula of Ukraine. Strains 10Ki^T and 4Kr are moderate halophiles that grow optimally at 1–1·5 M (5·8–8·7 %, w/v) NaCl and tolerate NaCl concentrations from 0·2 M up to 2·5 M (1·2–15 %). This optimum and upper limit are the highest for any methanotrophic bacterium known to date. The strains are Gram-negative, aerobic, non-pigmented, motile, coccoid to spindle-shaped bacteria that grow on methane or methanol only and utilize the ribulose monophosphate pathway for carbon assimilation. They are neutrophilic (growth occurs only in the range pH 6·5–7·5) and mesophilic (optimum growth occurs at 30 °C). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains 10Ki^T and 4Kr represent a type I methanotroph within the ‘Gammaproteobacteria’. However, the 16S rRNA gene sequence displays <91·5 % identity to any public-domain sequence. The most closely related methanotrophic bacterium is the thermophilic strain HB. The DNA G+C content is 58·7 mol%. The major phospholipid fatty acids are 18 : 17 (52–61 %), 16 : 0 (22–23 %) and 16 : 17 (14–20 %). The dominance of 18 : 1 over 16 : 0 and 16 : 1 fatty acids is unique among known type I methanotrophs. The data suggest that strains 10Ki^T and 4Kr should be considered as belonging to a novel genus and species of type I methanotrophic bacteria, for which the name Methylohalobius crimeensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Strain 10Ki^T (=DSM 16011^T=ATCC BAA-967^T) is the type strain.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequence and the partial pmoA gene sequence of strain 10Ki^T are respectively AJ581837 and AJ581836.

Present address: Wairakei Research Centre, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Private bag 2000, Taupo, New Zealand.

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