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Paucibacter toxinivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium that degrades cyclic cyanobacterial hepatotoxins microcystins and nodularin

Jarkko Rapala^1,, Katri A. Berg¹, Christina Lyra¹, R. Maarit Niemi¹, Werner Manz^2,, Sini Suomalainen³, Lars Paulin³ and Kirsti Lahti^1,

¹ Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland
² Fachgebiet Ökologie der Mikroorganismen, Institut für Technischen Umweltschutz, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
³ Institute of Biotechnology, PO Box 56, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland

Correspondence
Jarkko Rapala
jarkko.rapala{at}sttv.fi

Thirteen bacterial isolates from lake sediment, capable of degrading cyanobacterial hepatotoxins microcystins and nodularin, were characterized by phenotypic, genetic and genomic approaches. Cells of these isolates were Gram-negative, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, oxidase-positive, weakly catalase-positive and rod-shaped. According to phenotypic characteristics (carbon utilization, fatty acid and enzyme activity profiles), the G+C content of the genomic DNA (66·1–68·0 mol%) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (98·9–100 % similarity) the strains formed a single microdiverse genospecies that was most closely related to Roseateles depolymerans (95·7–96·3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The isolates assimilated only a few carbon sources. Of the 96 carbon sources tested, Tween 40 was the only one used by all strains. The strains were able to mineralize phosphorus from organic compounds, and they had strong leucine arylamidase and chymotrypsin activities. The cellular fatty acids identified from all strains were C_{16 : 0} (9·8–19 %) and C_{17 : 1}7c (<1–5·8 %). The other predominant fatty acids comprised three groups: summed feature 3 (<1–2·2 %), which included C_{14 : 0} 3-OH and C_{16 : 1} iso I, summed feature 4 (54–62 %), which included C_{16 : 1}7c and C_{15 : 0} iso OH, and summed feature 7 (8·5–28 %), which included 7c, 9c and 12t forms of C_{18 : 1}. A more detailed analysis of two strains indicated that C_{16 : 1}7c was the main fatty acid. The phylogenetic and phenotypic features separating our strains from recognized bacteria support the creation of a novel genus and species, for which the name Paucibacter toxinivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2C20^T (=DSM 16998^T=HAMBI 2767^T=VYH 193597^T).

Published online ahead of print on 14 March 2005 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.63599-0.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains 15B, 2, 2B15, 2B17, 2B3, S1030, G44, F39, F36, 7A, 2C23, 2C20^T and 2B5 are AY515379–AY515391, respectively.

Physiological characteristics and whole-cell fatty acid profiles of the strains investigated here are detailed in supplementary tables available in IJSEM Online.

Present address: National Product Control Agency for Welfare and Health, PO Box 210, FIN-00531 Helsinki, Finland.

Present address: Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, Postfach 20 02 53, D-56002 Koblenz, Germany.

Present address: The Water Protection Association of the River Vantaa and Helsinki Region, Asemapäällikönkatu 12 C, FIN-00520 Helsinki, Finland.

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