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Alkalibacterium iburiense sp. nov., an obligate alkaliphile that reduces an indigo dye

¹ Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
² Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
³ Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan

Correspondence
Isao Yumoto
i.yumoto{at}aist.go.jp

Three indigo-reducing obligately alkaliphilic strains, M3^T, 41A and 41C, were isolated. The isolates grew at pH 9–12, but not at pH 7–8. They were Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, straight rod-shaped strains with peritrichous flagella. The isolates grew in 0–14 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimum growth at 3–13 %. They grew at temperatures between 10 and 45 °C, with optimum growth at around 30–37 °C. They did not hydrolyse starch or gelatin. DL-lactate was the major end-product from D-glucose. No quinones could be detected. The peptidoglycan type was A4, Orn–D-Asp. The major cellular fatty acids were C_{16 : 0}, C_{16 : 1}7c and C_{18 : 1}9c. The DNA G+C content was 42·6–43·2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that the isolates belong to the genus Alkalibacterium. DNA–DNA hybridization revealed low similarity (less than 16 %) of the isolates with respect to the two closest phylogenetically related strains, Alkalibacterium olivapovliticus and Alkalibacterium psychrotolerans. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic data and DNA–DNA relatedness, the isolates merit classification as a novel species of the genus Alkalibacterium, for which the name Alkalibacterium iburiense is proposed. The type strain is M3^T (=JCM 12662^T=NCIMB 14024^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains M3^T, 41A and 41C are AB188091, AB188092 and AB188093, respectively.

A transmission electron micrograph showing the peritrichous flagellation of strain M3^T is available as a supplementary figure in IJSEM Online, along with a supplementary table showing DNA–DNA relatedness among the strains examined in this study.

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