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Desulfurococcus fermentans sp. nov., a novel hyperthermophilic archaeon from a Kamchatka hot spring, and emended description of the genus Desulfurococcus

¹ Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7/2, Moscow 117312, Russia
² Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
³ Bioengineering Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7/1, Moscow 117312, Russia

Correspondence
E. A. Bonch-Osmolovskaya
lbo{at}mail.ru

An obligately anaerobic, hyperthermophilic, organoheterotrophic archaeon, strain Z-1312^T, was isolated from a freshwater hot spring of the Uzon caldera (Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia). The cells were regular cocci, 1–4 µm in diameter, with one long flagellum. The cell envelope was composed of a globular layer attached to the cytoplasmic membrane. The temperature range for growth was 63–89 °C, with an optimum between 80 and 82 °C. The pH range for growth at 80 °C was 4·8–6·8, with an optimum at pH 6·0. Strain Z-1312^T grew by hydrolysis and/or fermentation of a wide range of polymeric and monomeric substrates, including agarose, amygdalin, arabinose, arbutin, casein hydrolysate, cellulose (filter paper, microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose), dextran, dulcitol, fructose, lactose, laminarin, lichenan, maltose, pectin, peptone, ribose, starch and sucrose. No growth was detected on glucose, xylose, mannitol or sorbitol. Growth products when sucrose or starch were used as the substrate were acetate, H₂ and CO₂. Elemental sulfur, thiosulfate and nitrate added as potential electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration did not stimulate growth when tested with starch as the substrate. H₂ at 100 % in the gas phase did not inhibit growth on starch or peptone. The G+C content of the DNA was 42·5 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed the isolated strain Z-1312^T as a member of the genus Desulfurococcus, where it represented a novel species, for which the name Desulfurococcus fermentans sp. nov. (type strain Z-1312^T=DSM 16532 ^T=VKM V-2316^T) is proposed.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of Desulfurococcus fermentans Z-1312^T is AY264344.

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