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1 Microbial Exopolysaccharide Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cartuja Campus, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
2 Department of Microbiology and Applied Biochemistry, ENITA–Université de Bordeaux, Cours du Général de Gaulle, BP 201, 33175 Gradignan, France
Correspondence
Victoria Béjar
vbejar{at}ugr.es
Two Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria (strains CR-119T and CR-95T) were isolated from brackish sediments in the mouth of the river Vélez in Málaga, southern Spain, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phenotypic tests showed that these strains were related to other Bacillus species at a similarity level of less than 87·6 %. Both strains are halotolerant, aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, motile with peritrichous flagella and biosurfactant producers. Their endospores are oval, subterminal and non-deforming structures. The predominant menaquinone in both strains is MK-7. The fatty-acid profiles of both strains contain large quantities of branched and saturated fatty acids. The major fatty acids (%) are 15 : 0 anteiso (32·4), 15 : 0 iso (16·8), 17 : 0 iso (13·4), 16 : 0 (11·5) and 17 : 0 anteiso (10·2) in strain CR-119T and 15 : 0 anteiso (37·5), 17 : 0 iso (16·0) and 17 : 0 anteiso (15·8) in strain CR-95T. The G+C contents of strains CR-119T and CR-95T are 41·0 and 42·5 mol%, respectively. RAPD analysis confirmed the low degree of similarity between the two strains and also amongst other Bacillus species. 16S rRNA gene analysis of strain CR-119T showed the highest sequence similarity to be 97·4 %, with Bacillus mojavensis and Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii. In the case of strain CR-95T, the maximum similarity value was 99·5 %, with B. mojavensis. DNA–DNA hybridization of strains CR-119T and CR-95T with the above species produced values lower than 46·9 %. Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic data and genomic distinctiveness, we conclude that these Bacillus strains merit classification as novel species, for which we propose the names Bacillus axarquiensis sp. nov. (type strain CR-119T=CECT 5688T=LMG 22476T) and Bacillus malacitensis sp. nov. (type strain CR-95T=CECT 5687T=LMG 22477T).
Supplementary figures relating to dendrograms of phenotypic characteristics and RAPD are available in IJSEM Online.
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