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Arcobacter halophilus sp. nov., the first obligate halophile in the genus Arcobacter

¹ Department of Microbiology, University of Hawaii, 2538 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
² School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
³ Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Department of Microbiological Food Safety, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark

Correspondence
Maqsudul Alam
alam{at}hawaii.edu

A Gram-negative bacterium, designated LA31B^T, was isolated from water collected from a hypersaline lagoon on Laysan Atoll in the north-western Hawaiian Islands. Single cells of LA31B^T were slightly curved but became helical as their length increased. Preliminary characterization based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that LA31B^T shared 96·0 % identity with an Arcobacter sp. isolated from a cyanobacterial mat in hypersaline Lake Sinai, and 94 % identity with Arcobacter nitrofigilis, the type species of the genus Arcobacter. A polyphasic taxonomic study was conducted and confirmed the phylogenetic affiliation of strain LA31B^T to the genus Arcobacter. However, LA31B^T was found to be distinct from all recognized Arcobacter species, by a comprehensive biochemical test analysis, whole-cell fatty acid profiling, DNA G+C content (35 mol% in LA31B^T) and degree of DNA–DNA reassociation. Most notably, LA31B^T was found to be an obligate halophile, a hitherto undescribed feature among recognized Arcobacter species. These data indicate that LA31B^T should be considered to represent a novel species in the genus Arcobacter, for which the name Arcobacter halophilus sp. nov. is proposed. This is the first obligately halophilic member of the genus. The type strain is LA31B^T (=ATCC BAA-1022^T=CIP 108450^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of LA31B^T is AF513455.

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