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Burkholderia phytofirmans sp. nov., a novel plant-associated bacterium with plant-beneficial properties

¹ ARC Seibersdorf research GmbH, Department of Bioresources/Microbiology, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
² Laboratory of Microbiology, Universiteit Gent, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
³ Prince Edward Island Department of Agriculture and Forestry, PO Box 1600, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada C1A 7N3
⁴ Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, URVVC, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, BP 1039, F-51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
⁵ Plant Research International, Wageningen, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
⁶ Department of Microbial Ecology, Groningen University, Biological Center, PO Box 14, 9750 RA Haren, The Netherlands
⁷ Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁸ Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
⁹ Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, PO Box 550, Truro, NS, Canada B2N 5E3
¹⁰ Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 0327-301 Saunders Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA

Correspondence
A. Sessitsch
angela.sessitsch{at}arcs.ac.at

A Gram-negative, non-sporulating, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, with a single polar flagellum, designated strain PsJN^T, was isolated from surface-sterilized onion roots. This isolate proved to be a highly effective plant-beneficial bacterium, and was able to establish rhizosphere and endophytic populations associated with various plants. Seven related strains were recovered from Dutch soils. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data, strain PsJN^T and the Dutch strains were identified as representing a member of the genus Burkholderia, as they were closely related to Burkholderia fungorum (98·7 %) and Burkholderia phenazinium (98·5 %). Analysis of whole-cell protein profiles and DNA–DNA hybridization experiments confirmed that all eight strains belonged to a single species. Strain PsJN^T had a DNA G+C content of 61·0 mol%. Only low levels of DNA–DNA hybridization to closely related species were found. Qualitative and quantitative differences in fatty acid composition between strain PsJN^T and closely related species were identified. The predominant fatty acids in strain PsJN^T were 16 : 0, 18 : 17c and summed feature 3 (comprising 16 : 17c and/or iso-15 : 0 2-OH). Isolate PsJN^T showed high 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity and is therefore able to lower the ethylene level in a developing or stressed plant. Production of the quorum-sensing signal compound 3-hydroxy-C8-homoserine lactone was detected. Based on the results of this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain PsJN^T and the seven Dutch isolates are considered to represent a single, novel species, for which the name Burkholderia phytofirmans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain PsJN^T (=LMG 22146^T=CCUG 49060^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of B. phytofirmans strains PsJN^T, G44-5 and G6-5 are AY497470, AY836218 and AY836219.

A neighbour-joining tree showing the position of B. phytofirmans sp. nov. within the genus Burkholderia, a dendrogram derived from the protein patterns of the strains studied and cross-sections showing chickpea roots with strain PsJN^T tagged with GFP are available as supplementary figures in IJSEM Online.

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