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Thioclava pacifica gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel facultatively autotrophic, marine, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium from a near-shore sulfidic hydrothermal area

¹ S. N. Winogradskii Institute of Microbiology RAS, Prospect 60-let Octyabrya 7/2, 117811 Moscow, Russia
² Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
³ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
⁴ Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1715, USA

Correspondence
Dimitry Yu. Sorokin
soroc{at}inmi.host.ru or
D.Y.Sorokin{at}tnw.tudelft.nl

Strain TL 2^T was isolated on mineral medium with thiosulfate from a near-shore sulfidic hydrothermal area in Matupi Harbour on the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea. The cells varied from long filaments with swollen ends, often aggregated, to short rods, depending on the growth conditions. The bacterium was obligately aerobic and grew autotrophically with thiosulfate as energy source or heterotrophically with organic acids and sugars. In thiosulfate-limited continuous culture, µ_max and Y_max for autotrophic growth were 0·1 h^–1 and 3 g protein mol^–1, respectively. From the various reduced sulfur compounds tested, only thiosulfate and sulfide supported active respiration. Inorganic carbon was assimilated via the Calvin cycle. Presence of the ‘green’-type of form I RubisCO gene was detected. Growth was possible from 15 to 47 °C with an optimum at 35 °C, pH 6·5–8·5 with an optimum at pH 8·0, and between 10 and 90 g NaCl l^–1 with an optimum at 35 g l^–1. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and cbbL gene sequences demonstrated that strain TL 2^T forms a separate lineage within the alpha-3 subdivision of the Proteobacteria, distantly related to the genera Rhodovulum and Rhodobacter. On the basis of these results, a novel genus and species, Thioclava pacifica gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate strain TL 2^T (=DSM 10166^T=UNIQEM 229^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain TL 2^T is AY656719 and the accession numbers for partial cbbL gene sequences of strain TL 2^T, Rdv. sulfidophilum DSM 1374^T, Rdv. euryhalinum DSM 4868^T and Rdv. adriaticum DSM 2781^T are AY656720–AY656723.

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