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Prevotella multiformis sp. nov., isolated from human subgingival plaque

¹ Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
² Division of Periodontology, Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan

Correspondence
Mitsuo Sakamoto
sakamoto{at}jcm.riken.jp

Four bacterial strains isolated from the human oral cavity, PPPA19, PPPA21^T, PPPA28 and PPPA30, were characterized by determining phenotypic and biochemical features, cellular fatty acid profiles and the phylogenetic position based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that each of the isolates was a member of the genus Prevotella. These strains were related to Prevotella denticola with about 95 % similarity. The strains were obligately anaerobic, non-pigmented, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative rods. However, the cells of these strains were often cocci (coccobacilli), depending on the cultivation time. Colonies of different sizes were detected on Eggerth Gagnon agar plates for these strains. The cells forming large colonies were cocci, whereas those forming small colonies were cocci and rods. However, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison of colonies of different sizes revealed that only a single organism was present. Although these strains had phenotypic characteristics that were similar to those of P. denticola JCM 8528, they could be differentiated from P. denticola JCM 8528 by aesculin hydrolysis and D-cellobiose fermentation in API 20A tests. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed the genomic distinction of these four strains with respect to P. denticola JCM 8528. On the basis of these data, a novel Prevotella species, Prevotella multiformis sp. nov., is proposed, with PPPA21^T (=JCM 12541^T=DSM 16608^T) as the type strain.

Published online ahead of print on 5 November 2004 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.63451-0.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of P. multiformis strains PPPA21^T, PPPA19, PPPA28 and PPPA30 are AB182483–AB182486.

Photomicrographs of P. multiformis cells from EG agar, an extended phylogenetic tree and tables of phenotypic and biochemical characteristics and cellular fatty acid compositions are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.

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