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Thiomicrospira arctica sp. nov. and Thiomicrospira psychrophila sp. nov., psychrophilic, obligately chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria isolated from marine Arctic sediments

Katrin Knittel¹, Jan Kuever^1,, Anke Meyerdierks¹, Ruth Meinke¹, Rudolf Amann¹ and Thorsten Brinkhoff^1,2

¹ Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
² Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Straße 9–11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany

Correspondence
Thorsten Brinkhoff
t.brinkhoff{at}icbm.de

Two psychrophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from marine Arctic sediments sampled off the coast of Svalbard with thiosulfate as the electron donor and CO₂ as carbon source. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that the novel strains, designated SVAL-D^T and SVAL-E^T, represent members of the genus Thiomicrospira. Further genotypic (DNA–DNA relatedness, DNA G+C content) and phenotypic characterization revealed that the strains represent members of two novel species. Both organisms are obligately autotrophic and strictly aerobic. Nitrate was not used as an electron acceptor. Chemolithoautotrophic growth was observed with thiosulfate, tetrathionate and sulfur. The temperature limits for growth of both strains were between –2 °C and 20·8 °C, with optima of 11·5–13·2 °C (SVAL-E^T) and 14·6–15·4 °C (SVAL-D^T), which is about 13–15 °C lower than the optima of all other recognized Thiomicrospira species. The maximum growth rate on thiosulfate at 14 °C was 0·14 h^–1 for strain SVAL-E^T and 0·2 h^–1 for strain SVAL-D^T. Major fatty acids of SVAL-D^T are C_{16 : 1}, C_{18 : 0} and C_{16 : 0}, and those of SVAL-E^T are C_{16 : 1}, C_{18 : 1}, C_{16 : 0} and C_{14 : 1}. Cells of SVAL-D^T and SVAL-E^T are rods, like those of their closest relatives. To our knowledge the novel strains are the first psychrophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria so far described. The names Thiomicrospira arctica sp. nov. and Thiomicrospira psychrophila sp. nov. are proposed for SVAL-E^T (=ATCC 700955^T=DSM 13458^T) and SVAL-D^T (=ATCC 700954^T=DSM 13453^T), respectively.

Published online ahead of print on 22 October 2004 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.63362-0.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of T. arctica SVAL-E^T and T. psychrophila SVAL-D^T are respectively AJ404731 and AJ404732.

Micrographs of cells of strains SVAL-D^T and SVAL-E^T are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.

Present address: Bremen Institute for Materials Testing, Foundation Institute for Materials Science, Paul-Feller-Straße 1, D-28199 Bremen, Germany.

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