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Carnobacterium pleistocenium sp. nov., a novel psychrotolerant, facultative anaerobe isolated from permafrost of the Fox Tunnel in Alaska

¹ NASA/NSSTC, XD12, 320 Sparkman Drive, Room 4247, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
² Laboratory for Structural Biology, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, MSB, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
³ Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
⁴ American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Blvd, Manassas, VA 20110, USA

Correspondence
Elena V. Pikuta
elena.pikuta{at}msfc.nasa.gov

A novel, psychrotolerant, facultative anaerobe, strain FTR1^T, was isolated from Pleistocene ice from the permafrost tunnel in Fox, Alaska. Gram-positive, motile, rod-shaped cells were observed with sizes 0·6–0·7x0·9–1·5 µm. Growth occurred within the pH range 6·5–9·5 with optimum growth at pH 7·3–7·5. The temperature range for growth of the novel isolate was 0–28 °C and optimum growth occurred at 24 °C. The novel isolate does not require NaCl; growth was observed between 0 and 5 % NaCl with optimum growth at 0·5 % (w/v). The novel isolate was a catalase-negative chemoorganoheterotroph that used as substrates sugars and some products of proteolysis. The metabolic end products were acetate, ethanol and CO₂. Strain FTR1^T was sensitive to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, kanamycin and gentamicin. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed 99·8 % similarity between strain FTR1^T and Carnobacterium alterfunditum, but DNA–DNA hybridization between them demonstrated 39±1·5 % relatedness. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain FTR1^T (=ATCC BAA-754^T=JCM 12174^T=CIP 108033^T) be assigned to the novel species Carnobacterium pleistocenium sp. nov.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain FTR1^T is AF450136.

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