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Phenylobacterium lituiforme sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium from a subsurface aquifer, and emended description of the genus Phenylobacterium

Microbial Discovery Research Unit, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia

Correspondence
Bharat Patel
b.patel{at}griffith.edu.au

A facultative anaerobic bacterium, strain FaiI3^T, was isolated from samples collected from the free-flowing waters of a bore well (Fairlea Bore, registration number 3768) which taps into the Australian Great Artesian Basin subsurface thermal aquifer. Strain FaiI3^T developed yellow to pale-yellow colonies (0·5–1·5 mm) after 48 h. The non-spore forming rods (0·5x1–3 µm) were slightly curved, occurred singly and as pairs and were motile with a single polar flagellum. Cells tended to form clumps in liquid medium and rosettes were commonly observed. The cells stained Gram-negative and electron micrographs of thin sections revealed a multi-layered complex Gram-negative cell wall structure. Strain FaiI3^T grew optimally at 40–41 °C, with growth observed at 45 °C but not at 50 °C. The pH growth range was between pH 6 and 9 and optimal growth occurred between pH 6 and 6·5. Strain FaiI3^T grew best with yeast extract as the sole carbon and energy source. Peptone, yeast extract, acetate, xylose, sucrose, glucose, glycerol, succinate, butyrate, lactate, fumarate, citrate, L-phenylalanine, cellobiose and gelatin supported growth but maltose, fructose, glycine, ethanol, benzoate and oxalate did not. Tyrosine was produced from L-phenylalanine. Strain FaiI3^T was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative and did not hydrolyse starch. Growth was inhibited by neomycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, vancomycin and spectinomycin. The G+C content was determined to be 66·5±0·5 mol%. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain FaiI3^T was assigned as a novel species of the genus Phenylobacterium, Phenylobacterium lituiforme sp. nov. in the order Caulobacterales, subclass -Proteobacteria, class Proteobacteria. The type strain is FaiI3^T (=ATCC BAA-294^T=DSM 14363^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of Phenylobacterium lituiforme strain FaiI3^T (=ATCC BAA-294^T=DSM 14363^T) is AY534887.

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