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1 Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Vakgroep Biochemie, Fysiologie en Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
2 Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
3 Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
4 BCCM/LMG Culture Collection, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
Correspondence
Stefanie Van Trappen
stefanie.vantrappen{at}UGent.be
Four strains of cold-adapted, strictly aerobic and facultative oligotrophic bacteria were isolated from polar seas and investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Two strains (LMG 21857T and LMG 21854) derive from Arctic sea water whereas the other two strains (LMG 21855 and LMG 21858) were isolated from Antarctic sea water. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the 
-subclass of the Proteobacteria and are related to the genus Glaciecola, with 98·0–99·7 % sequence similarity to Glaciecola mesophila and 94·2–95·3 % sequence similarity to Glaciecola punicea, their nearest phylogenetic neighbours. Two strains (LMG 21855 and LMG 21858) were identified as G. mesophila, whereas DNA–DNA hybridization results and differences in phenotypic characteristics showed that the other two strains (LMG 21857T and LMG 21854) constitute a novel species within the genus Glaciecola, with a DNA G+C content of 44·0 mol%. The isolates are Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic, motile, rod-shaped cells that are psychrotolerant and moderately halophilic. Buds can be produced on mother cells and on prosthecae. Branch formation of prosthecae occurs. Whole-cell fatty acid profiles of the isolates are very similar and include C16 : 0 and C16 : 1
7c as the major fatty acid components. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic properties, a novel species of the genus Glaciecola is described, for which the name Glaciecola polaris sp. nov. is proposed, with isolate LMG 21857T (=CIP 108324T=ARK 150T) as the type strain. An emended description of the genus Glaciecola is presented.
The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains LMG 21857T and LMG 21855 are AJ293820 and AJ548479, respectively.
Normalized rep-PCR profiles (GTG5 primer) and a dendrogram derived from the UPGMA clustering of the profiles are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.
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