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Taxonomic variation in the Mycobacterium fortuitum third biovariant complex: description of Mycobacterium boenickei sp. nov., Mycobacterium houstonense sp. nov., Mycobacterium neworleansense sp. nov. and Mycobacterium brisbanense sp. nov. and recognition of Mycobacterium porcinum from human clinical isolates

¹ Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
² Washington University, School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
³ Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, USA
⁴ Tuberculosis/Mycobacteriology Branch, Division of AIDS, STD and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
⁵ Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, USA

Correspondence
June M. Brown
jmb6{at}cdc.gov

The Mycobacterium fortuitum third biovariant complex (sorbitol-negative and sorbitol-positive) contains unnamed taxa first characterized in 1991. These organisms can cause respiratory infections, a spectrum of soft tissue and skeletal infections, bacteraemia and disseminated disease. To evaluate this group of organisms, clinical reference isolates and the type strains of M. fortuitum third biovariant complex sorbitol-negative (n=21), M. fortuitum third biovariant complex sorbitol-positive (n=3), M. fortuitum (n=3), Mycobacterium peregrinum (pipemidic acid-susceptible) (n=1), Mycobacterium porcinum (n=1), Mycobacterium senegalense (n=2) and Mycobacterium septicum (n=1) were characterized by using conventional phenotypic (morphological, physiological and antimicrobial susceptibilities), chemotaxonomic (HPLC and cellular fatty acids) and genotypic [RFLP of the rRNA gene (ribotyping), PCR-RFLP of a 439 bp segment of the 65 kDa hsp gene (PCR restriction analysis) and 16S rRNA gene sequence] analysis, DNA G+C content and DNA–DNA relatedness analyses. The results of these studies indicated that the strains comprised M. porcinum (n=13), M. septicum (n=1) and four novel closely related genetic groups within the M. fortuitum third biovariant complex: Mycobacterium boenickei sp. nov. (n=6), Mycobacterium houstonense sp. nov. (n=2), Mycobacterium neworleansense sp. nov. (n=1) and Mycobacterium brisbanense sp. nov. (n=1), with type strains ATCC 49935^T (=W5998^T=DSM 44677^T), ATCC 49403^T (=W5198^T=DSM 44676^T) ATCC 49404^T (=W6705^T=DSM 44679^T) and ATCC 49938^T (=W6743^T=DSM 44680^T), respectively.

Published online ahead of print on 12 March 2004 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.02743-0.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences determined in this work are as follows: Mycobacterium porcinum, AY012582, AY012574, AY012580 and AY012581; Mycobacterium boenickei, AY012573; Mycobacterium houstonense, AY012579; Mycobacterium neworleansense, AY012575; Mycobacterium septicum, AY012576; Mycobacterium brisbanense, AY012577.

Differences in the RT patterns of the type and reference strains of M. fortuitum, signature nucleotides of hypervariable region A and DNA relatedness among strains in the species and their relatedness to other strains of the M. fortuitum third biovariant complex and related species are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.

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