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Treponema putidum sp. nov., a medium-sized proteolytic spirochaete isolated from lesions of human periodontitis and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

C. Wyss¹, A. Moter², B.-K. Choi³, F. E. Dewhirst⁴, Yi Xue^1,, P. Schüpbach^1,, U. B. Göbel², B. J. Paster⁴ and B. Guggenheim¹

¹ Institut für Orale Mikrobiologie und Allgemeine Immunologie, Zentrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde der Universität Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8028 Zürich, Switzerland
² Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Dorotheenstrasse 96, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
³ Department of Oromaxillofacial Infection and Immunity, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 110-749 Seoul, Korea
⁴ Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, 140 Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA

Correspondence
C. Wyss
wyss.c{at}zzmk.unizh.ch

So far, little phenotypic heterogeneity has been detected in cultured oral treponemes with trypsin-like proteolytic activity, and all have been assigned to the species Treponema denticola. However, comparisons of protein patterns and antigen expression in our collection of proteolytic oral treponemes occasionally identified isolates with a unique phenotype; e.g. strain OMZ 830 (=ATCC 700768), which qualified as a ‘pathogen-related oral spirochaete’ due to the presence of a 37 kDa protein reactive with the Treponema pallidum FlaA-specific mAb H9-2. In addition to such single isolates, a homogeneous group of seven independent strains is described that were highly motile, medium-sized, proteolytic but asaccharolytic spirochaetes and were cultured from human gingivitis, periodontitis and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in medium OMIZ-Pat supplemented with 1 % human serum and antibiotics. Growth of these spirochaetes in OMIZ-Pat was not dependent on, but was stimulated by, human or bovine serum. Carbohydrates were neither required nor stimulatory for growth. The protein and antigen patterns of total cell extracts of these organisms separated by SDS-PAGE were distinct from those of all previously cultured spirochaetes, with highest similarity to T. denticola. The novel spirochaete has a 2 : 4 : 2 arrangement of the periplasmic flagella, similar to T. denticola. However, the flagellin pattern as detected by immunostaining or glycan staining of Western blots readily distinguished the novel group from T. denticola. Also, distinct from reference strains of T. denticola, none of the novel isolates displayed sialidase or dentilisin activities, both of which are expressed by most strains of T. denticola. Trypsin-like activity and other enzymes as detected by API ZYM test were similar to those of T. denticola. The status of a novel species is supported by the 16S rRNA gene sequence, with 98·5 % similarity to its closest cultured relative, T. denticola. The name Treponema putidum sp. nov. is proposed (type strain OMZ 758^T=ATCC 700334^T=CIP 108088^T).

Published online ahead of print on 23 January 2004 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.02806-0.

Details of the clinical sources of the novel isolates and electron micrographs of cells of the novel species are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.

Present address: Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.

Present address: Microphot, Horgen, Switzerland.

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