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Paenibacillus cineris sp. nov. and Paenibacillus cookii sp. nov., from Antarctic volcanic soils and a gelatin-processing plant

Niall A. Logan¹, Elke De Clerck², Liesbeth Lebbe², An Verhelst², Johan Goris², Gillian Forsyth¹, Marina Rodríguez-Díaz¹, Marc Heyndrickx^2, and Paul De Vos²

¹ School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
² Vakgroep BFM WE10V, Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium

Correspondence
Niall A. Logan
n.a.logan{at}gcal.ac.uk

Seven strains of aerobic, endospore-forming bacteria were found in soil taken from an active fumarole on Lucifer Hill, Candlemas Island, South Sandwich archipelago, Antarctica, and four strains were from soil of an inactive fumarole at the foot of the hill. Amplified rDNA restriction analysis, 16S rDNA sequence comparisons, SDS-PAGE and routine phenotypic tests support the proposal of two novel species of Paenibacillus, Paenibacillus cineris sp. nov. and Paenibacillus cookii sp. nov., the type strains of which are LMG 18439^T (=CIP 108109^T) and LMG 18419^T (=CIP 108110^T), respectively. A further strain, isolated from a gelatin-production process, showed more than 99 % 16S rDNA sequence similarity to the proposed P. cookii type strain and, although the gelatin isolate was atypical when compared with the fumarole isolates by repeated element primed-PCR, SDS-PAGE and phenotypic analyses, it was shown by DNA–DNA reassociation studies to belong to the same species. Strains of P. cookii produce spreading growth with motile microcolonies. Both species produce swollen sporangia that are typical for the genus, they both show 97·6 % 16S rDNA sequence similarity to Paenibacillus azoreducens, they have 51·5–51·6 mol% G+C in their DNA and their major fatty acid is anteiso-C_{15 : 0}; however, fatty acids C_{16 : 0} and anteiso-C_{17 : 0} represent, respectively, 18 and 10 % of the total in P. cineris, but 11 and 20 % in P. cookii.

Published online ahead of print on 16 January 2004 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.02967-0.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of P. cineris strains LMG 18439^T (=CIP 108109^T) and LMG 21976 and P. cookii strains LMG 18419^T (=CIP 108110^T), 18437 and R-11600 determined in this work are AJ575658, AJ575659, AJ250317, AJ250319 and AJ438302, respectively.

A photomicrograph of colonies, an extended phylogenetic tree and detailed fatty acid compositions are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.

Present address: Government Dairy Research Station, Brusselsesteenweg 370, B-9090 Melle, Belgium.

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