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1 Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
2 Department of Entomology, 410 Forbes Building, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Correspondence
Einat Zchori-Fein
einat{at}volcani.agri.gov.il
Previously, analysis of 16S rDNA sequences placed a newly discovered lineage of bacterial symbionts of arthropods in the ‘Bacteroidetes’. This symbiont lineage is associated with a number of diverse host reproductive manipulations, including induction of parthenogenesis in several Encarsia parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). In this study, electron microscopy and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes of symbionts from Encarsia hispida and Encarsia pergandiella are used to describe and further characterize these bacteria. Phylogenetic analyses based on these two genes showed that the Encarsia symbionts are allied with the Cytophaga aurantiaca lineage within the ‘Bacteroidetes’, with their closest described relative being the acanthamoeba symbiont ‘Candidatus Amoebophilus asiaticus’. The Encarsia symbionts share 97 % 16S rDNA sequence similarity with Brevipalpus mite and Ixodes tick symbionts and 88 % sequence similarity with ‘Candidatus A. asiaticus’. Electron microscopy revealed that many of the bacteria found in the ovaries of the two Encarsia species contained a regular, brush-like array of microfilament-like structures that appear to be characteristic of the symbiont. Finally, the role of this bacterium in parthenogenesis induction in E. hispida was confirmed. Based on phylogenetic analyses and electron microscopy, classification of the symbionts from Encarsia as ‘Candidatus Cardinium hertigii’ is proposed.
Published online ahead of print on 9 January 2004 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.02957-0.
The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences of ‘Candidatus Cardinium hertigii’ are AY331187 and AY332003, respectively.
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