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Paenibacillus lactis sp. nov., isolated from raw and heat-treated milk

Patsy Scheldeman¹, Karen Goossens^1,2,, Marina Rodriguez-Diaz³, Annelies Pil^1,2,, Johan Goris^2,, Lieve Herman¹, Paul De Vos², Niall A. Logan³ and Marc Heyndrickx¹

¹ Ministry of the Flemish Community, Centre for Agricultural Research, Department of Animal Product Quality, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
² Universiteit Gent, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology (WE10V), K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
³ Glasgow Caledonian University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK

Correspondence
Patsy Scheldeman
P.Scheldeman{at}clo.fgov.be

Endospore-forming bacteria were recovered from individual packages from different processing lines in a dairy plant during a tenacious periodical contamination of their UHT-milk production. Two colony types were seen, one of which was identified as Bacillus sporothermodurans. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of the second colony type placed these isolates within the genus Paenibacillus, with Paenibacillus lautus as the closest known relative. Moreover, over 99 % similarity was observed to the 16S rDNA sequence of MB 2035, a strain isolated previously from raw milk during a survey at dairy farms for very heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria. Nine other potentially closely related strains among the dairy farm isolates were found using rep-PCR typing. The taxonomic positions of these 19 isolates were further investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA–DNA hybridizations of representative strains. All 19 isolates shared a high degree of phenotypic similarity and were easily distinguished from closely related members of the genus. Anteiso-C_{15 : 0}, C_{16 : 0} and iso-C_{15 : 0} were among the major fatty acids and the genomic DNA G+C content was 51·6–51·7 mol%. Therefore, based on their phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic distinctiveness, these 19 strains, isolated from both raw and heat-treated milk, are placed in the genus Paenibacillus as Paenibacillus lactis sp. nov. The type strain is MB 1871^T (=LMG 21940^T=DSM 15596^T).

Published online ahead of print on 5 December 2003 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.02822-0.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of P. lactis MB 1871^T, MB 1928, MB 2035 and Paenibacillus sp. MB 2039 are respectively AY257868–AY257871.

Detailed strain information, DNA–DNA relatedness and G+C content data, a full phylogenetic tree and a photomicrograph of sporangia and vegetative cells of the type strain are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.

Present address: Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.

Present address: Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, VAR-CODA-CERVA, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium.

Present address: Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, 545 Plant and Soil Science Building, East Lansing, MI 48824-1325, USA.

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