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Anaerobranca californiensis sp. nov., an anaerobic, alkalithermophilic, fermentative bacterium isolated from a hot spring on Mono Lake

¹ Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 117811, Russia
² Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA
³ University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
⁴ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

Correspondence
Vladimir Gorlenko
vgorlenko{at}mail.ru

A novel, obligately anaerobic, alkalithermophilic, chemo-organotrophic bacterium was isolated from the sediment of an alkaline hot spring located on Paoha Island in Mono Lake, California, USA. This rod-shaped bacterium was motile via peritrichous flagella. Isolated strains grew optimally in 5–25 g NaCl l^–1, at pH 9·0–9·5 and at a temperature of 58 °C and were fermentative and mainly proteolytic, utilizing peptone, Casamino acids and yeast extract. Optimal growth was seen in the presence of elemental sulfur, polysulfide or thiosulfate with concomitant reduction to hydrogen sulfide. Sulfite was also formed in an equal ratio to sulfide during reduction of thiosulfate. The novel isolate could also reduce Fe(III) and Se(IV) in the presence of organic matter. On the basis of physiological properties, 16S rRNA gene sequence and DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain PAOHA-1^T (=DSM 14826^T=UNIQEM 227^T) belongs to the genus Anaerobranca and represents a novel species, Anaerobranca californiensis sp. nov.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Anaerobranca californiensis sp. nov. strains PAOHA-1^T and PAOHA-2 are AY064217 and AY064218.

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