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Genetic diversity of Leptotrichia and description of Leptotrichia goodfellowii sp. nov., Leptotrichia hofstadii sp. nov., Leptotrichia shahii sp. nov. and Leptotrichia wadei sp. nov.

¹ Institute of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, POB 1052, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
² Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA
³ Department of Oral and Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
⁴ Division for Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, POB 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
⁵ Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0330, USA

Correspondence
Emenike R. K. Eribe
emenike{at}odont.uio.no

Sixty strains of Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria from human sources initially assigned to Leptotrichia buccalis (n=58) and ‘Leptotrichia pseudobuccalis’ (n=2) have been subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. Full-length 16S rDNA sequencing, DNA–DNA hybridization, RAPD, SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins, cellular fatty acid analysis and enzymic/biochemical tests supported the establishment of four novel Leptotrichia species from this collection, Leptotrichia goodfellowii sp. nov. (type strain LB 57^T=CCUG 32286^T=CIP 107915^T), Leptotrichia hofstadii sp. nov. (type strain LB 23^T=CCUG 47504^T=CIP 107917^T), Leptotrichia shahii sp. nov. (type strain LB 37^T=CCUG 47503^T=CIP 107916^T) and Leptotrichia wadei sp. nov. (type strain LB 16^T=CCUG 47505^T=CIP 107918^T). Light and electron microscopy showed that the four novel species were Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods. L. goodfellowii produced arginine dihydrolase, -galactosidase, N-acetyl--glucosaminidase, arginine arylamidase, leucine arylamidase and histidine arylamidase. L. shahii produced -arabinosidase. L. buccalis and L. goodfellowii fermented mannose and were -galactosidase-6-phosphate positive. L. goodfellowii, L. hofstadii and L. wadei were -haemolytic. L. buccalis fermented raffinose. With L. buccalis, L. goodfellowii showed 3·8–5·5 % DNA–DNA relatedness, L. shahii showed 24·5–34·1 % relatedness, L. hofstadii showed 27·3–36·3 % relatedness and L. wadei showed 24·1–35·9 % relatedness. 16S rDNA sequencing demonstrated that L. hofstadii, L. shahii, L. wadei and L. goodfellowii each formed individual clusters with 97, 96, 94 and 92 % similarity, respectively, to L. buccalis.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rDNA sequences of L. hofstadii LB 23^T, L. shahii LB 37^T, L. wadei LB 16^T and L. goodfellowii LB 57^T are AY029803, AY029806, AY029802 and AY029807.

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