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Flavobacterium degerlachei sp. nov., Flavobacterium frigoris sp. nov. and Flavobacterium micromati sp. nov., novel psychrophilic bacteria isolated from microbial mats in Antarctic lakes

Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Vakgroep Biochemie, Fysiologie en Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium

Correspondence
Stefanie Van Trappen
stefanie.vantrappen{at}UGent.be

Taxonomic studies were performed on 36 strains that were isolated from microbial mats in Antarctic lakes of the Vestfold Hills, the Larsemann Hills and the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains are related to members of the genus Flavobacterium; sequence similarity values with their nearest phylogenetic neighbours ranged from 96·8 to 98·5 %. Results of DNA–DNA hybridization and comparison of repetitive extragenic palindromic DNA-PCR fingerprinting patterns revealed that these strains are members of three distinct species. Genotypic results, together with phenotypic characteristics, allowed the differentiation of these species from related Flavobacterium species with validly published names. The isolates are Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic, rod-shaped cells that are psychrophilic and moderately halotolerant; their DNA G+C contents range from 33·1 to 34·5 mol%. Their whole-cell fatty acid profiles are similar and include C_{15 : 0}, anteiso-C_{15 : 0}, iso-C_{15 : 0}, C_{15 : 1}6c, iso-C_{16 : 0}, iso-C_{16 : 0} 3-OH and summed feature 3 (which comprises iso-C_{15 : 0} 2-OH, C_{16 : 1}7c or both) as major fatty acid components. On the basis of these results, three novel species are proposed, namely Flavobacterium degerlachei sp. nov. (consisting of 14 strains, with LMG 21915^T=DSM 15718^T as the type strain), Flavobacterium micromati sp. nov. (consisting of three strains, with LMG 21919^T=CIP 108161^T as the type strain) and Flavobacterium frigoris sp. nov. (consisting of 19 strains, with LMG 21922^T=DSM 15719^T as the type strain).

Published online ahead of print on 18 July 2003 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.02857-0.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains LMG 21915^T, LMG 21922^T, LMG 21919^T, LMG 21471 and LMG 21474 are respectively AJ557886, AJ557887, AJ557888, AJ440988 and AJ441005.

A full tree showing the position of the three novel species within the genus Flavobacterium and a fuller table showing phenotypic characteristics are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.

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