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Soehngenia saccharolytica gen. nov., sp. nov. and Clostridium amygdalinum sp. nov., two novel anaerobic, benzaldehyde-converting bacteria

¹ Laboratory of Microbiology of Anthropogenic Environments, Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
² Subdepartment of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
³ Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

Correspondence
Sofia N. Parshina
sonjaparshina{at}mail.ru

Two anaerobic, benzaldehyde-converting bacteria were isolated from an anaerobic upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB)-reactor treating potato starch waste water. Strain BOR-Y^T converted benzaldehyde to benzoate and benzylalcohol in approximately equimolar concentrations. Benzaldehyde conversion did not support growth. Strain BOR-Y^T was Gram-positive and rod-shaped, and its cells were slightly thickened in the middle. The strain was a mesophilic spore-former that grew between 15 and 40 °C, with optimum growth at 30–37 °C. The optimum pH for growth was pH 7·0. Strain BOR-Y^T grew on a wide range of carbohydrates and some other carbon sources including yeast extract, cysteine and serine. The G+C content of its DNA was 42 mol%. According to physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, confirmed by DNA–DNA hybridization with its phylogenetic neighbours, strain BOR-Y^T belongs to a novel genus of cluster XII of the clostridia, namely Soehngenia; the name Soehngenia saccharolytica is proposed for the type species (type strain BOR-Y^T=DSM 12858^T=ATCC BAA-502^T). Strain BR-10^T reduced benzaldehyde to benzylalcohol. This conversion was coupled to growth. In a medium containing yeast extract, the presence of benzaldehyde resulted in the accumulation of more than twofold more cells. Strain BR-10^T was a Gram-positive organism that was characterized by oval- or rod-shaped cells with oval ends, which occurred singly, in pairs or sometimes in chains. The strain was moderately thermophilic and grew between 20 and 60 °C, with optimum growth at 45 °C. The optimum pH for growth was between pH 7·0 and 7·5. Strain BR-10^T grew on a wide range of carbon sources including carbohydrates, yeast extract, casein and some amino acids. The G+C content of its DNA was 32 mol%. As determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BR-10^T represents a novel species of cluster XIVa of the clostridia; the name Clostridium amygdalinum is proposed for this novel species (type strain BR-10^T=DSM 12857^T=ATCC BAA-501^T).

Electron micrographs of Soehngenia saccharolytica BOR-Y^T (Fig. I) and Clostridium amygdalinum BR-10^T (Fig. II) are available in IJSEM Online.

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