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1 Institute of Biological Resources and Function, Hokkaido Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
2 Department of Bioscience and Technology, School of Engineering, Hokkaido Tokai University, Minaminosawa, Minami-ku, Sapporo 005-8601, Japan
3 Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, School of Dentistry, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
4 Institute of Biological Resources and Function, Tsukuba Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
Correspondence
Isao Yumoto
i.yumoto{at}aist.go.jp
Obligate alkaliphilic strains, AM31DT and AM11D, that utilize benzoate and m-hydroxybenzoate were isolated from soil obtained from Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. The isolates grew at pH 8–10, but not at neutral pH. They were Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, straight rods with peritrichous flagella and produced ellipsoidal spores. The isolates reduced nitrate to nitrite and grew in 0–14 % NaCl, but not in higher concentrations. The major isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-5, -6 and -7, and the cellular fatty acid profile consisted of significant amounts of 15-C branched-chain acids, isoC15 : 0 and anteisoC15 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that strain AM31DT was a member of group 6 (alkaliphiles) in the genus Bacillus. DNA–DNA hybridization revealed a low relatedness of the isolates with several phylogenetically close neighbours, including Bacillus alcalophilus and Bacillus pseudalcaliphilus (less than 19·3 %). Based on phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic data and DNA–DNA relatedness data, it was concluded that these isolates merited classification as a new species, for which the name Bacillus krulwichiae is proposed. The type strain of this species is AM31DT (=NCIMB 13904T=JCM 11691T=IAM 15000T).
Published online ahead of print on 21 March 2003 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.02596-0.
The GenBank accession number for the 16S rRNA sequence of strain AM31DT is AB086897.
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