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Isolation of thermophilic Desulfotomaculum strains with methanol and sulfite from solfataric mud pools, and characterization of Desulfotomaculum solfataricum sp. nov.

Heleen P. Goorissen^1,, Henricus T. S. Boschker², Alfons J. M. Stams³ and Theo A. Hansen¹

¹ Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen (GBB), Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
² Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Postbus 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands
³ Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands

Correspondence
Heleen P. Goorissen
Heleen.Goorissen{at}wur.nl

Four strains of thermophilic, endospore-forming, sulfate-reducing bacteria were enriched and isolated from hot solfataric fields in the Krafla area of north-east Iceland, using methanol and sulfite as substrates. Morphologically, these strains resembled thermophilic Desulfotomaculum species. The strains grew with alcohols, including methanol, with glucose and fructose as electron donors, and with sulfate, sulfite or thiosulfate as electron acceptors. For all four strains, the optimum temperature and pH for growth were 60 °C and pH 7·3, respectively; no added NaCl was required. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed high levels of similarity of the novel strains (>92 %) with Desulfotomaculum kuznetsovii and Desulfotomaculum luciae. However, DNA–DNA hybridization studies with D. kuznetsovii revealed that the four strains belonged to one novel species. A representative of this group of isolates, strain V21^T, is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the spore-forming, sulfate-reducing genus Desulfotomaculum, namely Desulfotomaculum solfataricum (type strain V21^T=DSM 14956^T=CIP 107984^T).

A phase-contrast photomicrograph of strain V21^T is available in IJSEM Online.

Present address: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands.

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