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Sterolibacterium denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel cholesterol-oxidizing, denitrifying member of the -Proteobacteria

¹ Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Química y Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, C. C. 1157, Montevideo, Uruguay
² Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Universität Wien, A-1030 Wien, Austria

Correspondence
Silvana Tarlera
starlera{at}fq.edu.uy

A bacterial strain (Chol-1S^T) that is able to oxidize cholesterol to CO₂ and reduce nitrate to dinitrogen was enriched and isolated from an upflow sludge bed (USB) anoxic reactor that treats sanitary landfill leachate from the city of Montevideo, Uruguay. Cells of strain Chol-1S^T were Gram-negative, rod-shaped to slightly curved, measured 0·5–0·6x1·0-1·3 µm and were motile by a single polar flagellum. Strain Chol-1S^T grew optimally at 30–32 °C and pH 7·0, with a doubling time of 44–46 h when cholesterol was used as the sole carbon and energy source. The metabolism of strain Chol-1S^T was strictly respiratory, with oxygen or nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. The presence of ubiquinone Q-8 as the sole respiratory lipoquinone indicated that strain Chol-1S^T belonged to the -subclass of the Proteobacteria. Phosphatidylethanolamine was the predominant polar lipid and the G+C content of the DNA was 65·3 mol%. The fatty acid profile of strain Chol-1S^T, cultivated under denitrifying conditions by using a defined mineral medium supplemented with cholesterol, was characterized by the following major components: summed feature 4 (C_{16 : 1}7c and/or iso C_{15 : 0} 2-OH), C_{16 : 0}, C_{18 : 1}7c and hydroxy acid C_{10 : 0} 3-OH. Minor components included C_{10 : 0}, C_{11 : 0}, C_{12 : 0}, C_{14 : 0}, C_{15 : 0}, C_{19 : 0}, C_{19 : 0} 10-methyl and hydroxylated acids C_{8 : 0} 3-OH and C_{16 : 0} 3-OH. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence showed that strain Chol-1S^T represents a separate lineage within the Thauera, Azoarcus, Zoogloea and Rhodocyclus assemblage of the -Proteobacteria. Strain Chol-1S^T had highest sequence similarity (96·5 %) with strain 72Chol, a denitrifying -Proteobacterium. On the basis of polyphasic evidence, strain Chol-1S^T (=DSM 13999^T =ATCC BAA-354^T) is proposed as the type strain of Sterolibacterium denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov.

Published online ahead of print on 6 December 2002 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.02039-0.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Chol-1S^T is AJ306683.

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