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Deferribacter desulfuricans sp. nov., a novel sulfur-, nitrate- and arsenate-reducing thermophile isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent

¹ Subground Animalcule Retrieval (SUGAR) Project, Frontier Research System for Extremophiles, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
² The DEEP-STAR Group, Frontier Research System for Extremophiles, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
³ NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA

Correspondence
Ken Takai
kent{at}jamstec.go.jp

A novel anaerobic, heterotrophic thermophile was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney at the Suiyo Seamount in the Izu-Bonin Arc, Japan. The cells were bent, flexible rods, with a single polar flagellum. Growth was observed between 40 and 70 °C (optimum temperature: 60–65 °C; doubling time, 40 min) and between pH 5·0 and 7·5 (optimum pH 6·5). The isolate was a strictly anaerobic heterotroph capable of using complex organic compounds (yeast extract, tryptone, peptone, casein and Casamino acids), ethanol and various organic acids as energy and carbon sources. Hydrogen could serve as a supplementary energy source. Elemental sulfur (S⁰), nitrate or arsenate was required for growth as an electron acceptor. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 38·6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences indicated that isolate SSM1^T is closely related to Deferribacter thermophilus BMA^T (98·1 %). However, the novel isolate could be clearly differentiated from D. thermophilus BMA^T on the basis of its physiological and genetic properties. The name Deferribacter desulfuricans sp. nov. (type strain SSM1^T=JCM 11476^T=DSM 14783^T) is proposed.

Micrographs of cells of Deferribacter desulfuricans sp. nov. SSM1^T and graphs showing the effects of temperature, pH and total salt concentration on growth are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.

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