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Spirochaeta americana sp. nov., a new haloalkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic spirochaete isolated from soda Mono Lake in California

¹ NASA/NSSTC, SD-50, 320 Sparkman Dr., Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
² Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
³ Laboratory for Structural Biology, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, MSB, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
⁴ Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2605, USA
⁵ American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Blvd, Manassas, VA 20110, USA

Correspondence
Richard B. Hoover
Richard.B.Hoover{at}NASA.GOV
Elena V. Pikuta
Elena.Pikuta{at}msfc.nasa.gov

A novel, obligately anaerobic, mesophilic, haloalkaliphilic spirochaete, strain ASpG1^T, was isolated from sediments of the alkaline, hypersaline Mono Lake in California, USA. Cells of the Gram-negative strain were motile and spirochaete-shaped with sizes of 0·2–0·22x8–18 µm. Growth of the strain was observed between 10 and 44 °C (optimum 37 °C), in 2–12 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3 % NaCl) and between pH 8 and 10·5 (optimum pH 9·5). The novel strain was strictly alkaliphilic, required high concentrations of carbonates in the medium and was capable of utilizing D-glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, starch and D-mannitol. End products of glucose fermentation were H₂, acetate, ethanol and formate. Strain ASpG1^T was resistant to kanamycin and rifampicin, but sensitive to gentamicin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. The G+C content of its DNA was 58·5 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization analysis of strain ASpG1^T with its most closely related species, Spirochaeta alkalica Z-7491^T, revealed a hybridization value of only 48·7 %. On the basis of its physiological and molecular properties, strain ASpG1^T appears to represent a novel species of the genus Spirochaeta, for which the name Spirochaeta americana is proposed (type strain ASpG1^T=ATCC BAA-392^T=DSM 14872^T).

The GenBank accession number for the 16S rDNA sequence of Spirochaeta americana ASpG1^T is AF373921.

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