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Description of Alcanivorax venustensis sp. nov. and reclassification of Fundibacter jadensis DSM 12178^T (Bruns and Berthe-Corti 1999) as Alcanivorax jadensis comb. nov., members of the emended genus Alcanivorax

Javier Fernández-Martínez¹, María J. Pujalte^2,3, Jesús García-Martínez^1,, Manuel Mata¹, Esperanza Garay^2,3 and Francisco Rodríguez-Valera¹

¹ División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de San Juan, Ctra. de Valencia km 87, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
² Departamento de Microbiología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
³ Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Spain

Correspondence
Jesús García-Martínez
jesus.garcia{at}ua.es

Two strains of a novel bacterium were isolated independently of each other, from different depths in the Mediterranean Sea, within a time period of 7 months, using two different isolation approaches that were focused on different objectives. Both strains, designated ISO1 and ISO4^T, were halophilic, Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, straight rods that were oxidase- and catalase-positive. Both strains produced mucoid colonies in some defined minimal media and were able to grow with organic acids and some alkanes; they were also able to accumulate intracellular poly--hydroxybutyrate granules. The G+C content of the DNA of strain ISO4^T was 66 mol%. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest described species to the novel strains were Alcanivorax borkumensis and Fundibacter jadensis, both of the -Proteobacteria. Both of these recognized species were originally isolated from North Sea waters and are able to degrade aliphatic compounds, a property shared with strains ISO1 and ISO4^T. However, strains ISO1 and ISO4^T were different from A. borkumensis and F. jadensis, not only in their 16S rDNA sequences but also in the motility of their cells (by polar flagella) and by the presence of C_{19 : 0cyclo} in their cellular fatty acids, among other differential features. On the basis of biochemical and molecular data, it is suggested that strains ISO1 and ISO4^T be recognized as a novel species of the genus Alcanivorax, for which the name Alcanivorax venustensis (ISO4^T =DSM 13974^T =CECT 5388^T) is proposed. On the basis of its high phenotypic similarity and close phylogenetic relatedness to A. borkumensis, it is also proposed that F. jadensis (DSM 12178^T) be reclassified as Alcanivorax jadensis in the genus Alcanivorax, and that the description of the genus Alcanivorax be emended.

The GenBank accession numbers for the nucleotide sequences reported in this study are AF328761 (Alcanivorax venustensis ISO1, 16S rRNA gene), AF328762 (A. venustensis ISO4^T, 16S rRNA gene), AF328763 (ISO1, large ITS), AF328764 (ISO1, small ITS), AF328765 (ISO4^T, large ITS), AF328766 (ISO4^T, small ITS), AF328767 (Fundibacter jadensis T9^T, large ITS) and AF328768 (T9^T, small ITS).

Present address: Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. de San Vicente s/n. Ap. 99-03080, Alicante, Spain.

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