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Caldithrix abyssi gen. nov., sp. nov., a nitrate-reducing, thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium isolated from a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent, represents a novel bacterial lineage

¹ Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7/2, 117811 Moscow, Russia
² AN Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
³ Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (DSMZ), Mascheroder Weg 1b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany

Correspondence
Margarita L. Miroshnichenko
alfamirr{at}mail.ru

A novel, moderately thermophilic, strictly anaerobic, mixotrophic bacterium, designated strain LF13^T, was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal chimney sample that was collected at a vent site at 14° 45' N, 44° 59' W on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Cells were Gram-negative, thin, non-motile rods of variable length. Strain LF13^T grew optimally at pH 6·8–7·0 and 60 °C with 2·5 % (w/v) NaCl. It grew chemo-organoheterotrophically, fermenting proteinaceous substrates, pyruvate and Casamino acids. The strain was able to grow by respiration, utilizing molecular hydrogen (chemolithoheterotrophically) or acetate as electron donors and nitrate as an electron acceptor. Ammonium was formed in the course of denitrification. One-hundred milligrams of yeast extract per litre were required for growth of the strain. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain LF13^T was 42·5 mol%. Neither 16S rDNA sequence similarity values nor phylogenetic analysis unambiguously related strain LF13^T with members of any recognized bacterial phyla. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequence comparisons, and in combination with physiological and morphological traits, a novel genus, Caldithrix, is proposed, with strain LF13^T (=DSM 13497^T =VKM B-2286^T) representing the type species, Caldithrix abyssi.

The GenBank accession number for the 16S rDNA sequence of Caldithrix abyssi LF13^T is AJ430587.

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