International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Vol 52, 913-920, Copyright © 2002 by Society for General Microbiology

Thioalkalimicrobium cyclicum sp. nov. and Thioalkalivibrio jannaschii sp. nov., novel species of haloalkaliphilic, obligately chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from hypersaline alkaline Mono Lake (California)

D. Y. Sorokin, V. M. Gorlenko, T. P. Tourova, A. I. Tsapin, K. H. Nealson and G. J. Kuenen
Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 60-let Octyabrya 7/2, 117811 Moscow, Russia

Two strains of haloalkaliphilic, obligately autotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from the oxygen-sulfide interface water layer of stratified alkaline and saline Mono Lake, California, USA. Strain ALM 1(T) was a dominant species in enrichment on moderate-saline, carbonate-buffered medium (0.6 M total Na(+), pH 10) with thiosulfate as an energy source and nitrate as a nitrogen source. Cells of ALM 1(T) are open ring-shaped and are non-motile. It has a high growth rate and activity of thiosulfate and sulfide oxidation and very low sulfur-oxidizing activity. Genetic comparison and phylogenetic analysis suggested that ALM 1(T) (=DSM 14477(T)=JCM 11371(T)) represents a new species of the genus Thioalkalimicrobium in the gamma-Proteobacteria, for which the name Thioalkalimicrobium cyclicum sp. nov. is proposed. Another Mono Lake isolate, strain ALM 2(T), dominated in enrichment on a medium containing 2 M total Na(+) (pH 10). It is a motile vibrio which tolerates up to 4 M Na(+) and produces a membrane-bound yellow pigment. Phylogenetic analysis placed ALM 2(T) as a member of genus Thioalkalivibrio in the gamma-Proteobacteria, although its DNA hybridization with the representative strains of this genus was only about 30%. On the basis of genetic and phenotypic properties, strain ALM 2(T) (=DSM 14478(T)=JCM 11372(T)) is proposed as Thioalkalivibrio jannaschii sp. nov.

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