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Haloanaerobium kushneri sp. nov., an obligately halophilic, anaerobic bacterium from an oil brine

Vishvesh K. Bhupathiraju^1,, Michael J. McInerney¹, Carl R. Woese² and Ralph S. Tanner¹

¹ Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019–0245, USA
² Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

Author for correspondence: Michael J. Mclnerney. Tel: +1 405 325 6050. Fax: +1 405 325 7619. e-mail: mcinerney{at}ou.edu

ABSTRACT

Three strains, designated VS-751^T, VS-511 and VS-732, of a strictly anaerobic, moderately halophilic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium were isolated from a highly saline (15-20%) brine from an oil reservoir in central Oklahoma, USA. The optimal concentration of NaCI for growth of these three strains was 2 M (12%), and the strains also grew in the presence of an additional 1 M MgCl₂. The strains were mesophilic and grew at a pH range of 6–8. Carbohydrates used by all three strains included glucose, fructose, arabinose, galactose, maltose, mannose, cellobiose, sucrose and inulin. Glucose fermentation products included ethanol, acetate, H₂ and CO₂, with formate produced by two of the three strains. Differences were noted among strains in the optimal temperature and pH for growth, the maximum and minimum NaCl concentration that supported growth, substrate utilization and cellular fatty acid composition. Despite the phenotypic differences among the three strains, analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that these three strains were members of the same genospecies which belonged to the genus Haloanaerobium. The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of strains VS-751^T, VS-511 and VS-732 are different from those of previously described species of Haloanaerobium. It is proposed that strain VS-751^T (ATCC 7001031^T) be established as the type strain of a new species, Haloanaerobium kushneri.

Key Words: halophile • anaerobe • Haloanaerobiaceae • Haloanaerobium kushneri

The GenBank accession numbers for the (1500 nucleotide) 16S rRNA sequences for strain VS-751^T and H. acetoethylicum ATCC 43120^T are U86446 and U86448.

Present address: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

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