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Caldivirga maquilingensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus of rod-shaped crenarchaeote isolated from a hot spring in the Philippines

¹ Japan Collection of Microorganisms, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
² Museum of Natural History, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, the Philippines

Author for correspondence: Takashi Itoh. Tel: +81 48 467 9560. Fax: +81 48 462 4617. e-mail: ito{at}jcm.riken.go.jp

ABSTRACT

Two novel hyperthermophilic, rod-shaped crenarchaeotes were isolated from an acidic hot spring in the Philippines. Cells were mostly straight or slightly curved rods 0·4-0·7 µm in width. Bent cells, branched cells, and cells bearing globular bodies were commonly observed. The isolates were heterotrophs and grew anaerobically and microaerobically. The addition of archaeal cell extract or a vitamin mixture to the medium significantly stimulated growth. The isolates grew over a temperature range of 60-92 °C, and optimally around 85 °C and grew over a pH range of 2·3-6·4, and optimally at pH 3·7-4·2. The isolates utilized glycogen, gelatin, beef extract, peptone, tryptone and yeast extract as carbon sources. They required sulfur, thiosulfate or sulfate as electron acceptors. The lipids mainly consisted of various cyclized glycerolbisdiphytanyl-glycerol tetraethers. The G+C content of the genomic DNAs was 43 mol%. The 16S rDNA contained two small introns. The comparison of the 16S rDNA exon sequences revealed that they represented an independent lineage in the family Thermoproteaceae. The two strains were included in a single species because of high levels of DNA-DNA relatedness. From these results, Caldivirga maquilingensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed in the family Thermoproteaceae to accommodate these isolates. The type strain of C. maquilingensis is strain IC-167^T (= JCM 10307^T =MCC-UPLB 1200^T = ANMR 0178^T).

Key Words: Caldivirga maquilingensis • Thermoproteaceae • hyperthermophile • crenarchaeotes

The DDBJ accession number for the 16S rDNA sequence of Caldivirga maquilingensis IC-167^T is AB013926.

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