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Haloanaerobacter salinarius sp. nov., a novel halophilic fermentative bacterium that reduces glycine-betaine to trimethylamine with hydrogen or serine as electron donors; emendation of the genus Haloanaerobacter

Sophie Mouné¹, Nathalie Manac'h³, AgnÈs Hirschler², Pierre Caumette^1,, John C. Willison³ and Robert Matheron²

¹Laboratoire d'Océanographie Biologique, Université Bordeaux 1, rue du Professeur Jolyet, F-33120 Arcachon, France
²Laboratoire de Microbiologie, IMEP, Université Aix-Marseille Ill, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
³Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biophysique des Systèmes Intègrés, DBMS/BBSI, CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France

Author for correspondence: Pierre Caumette. Tel: +33 5 59 92 31 46. Fax: +33 5 59 80 83 11. e-mail: pierre.caumette{at}univ-pau.fr

ABSTRACT

A novel halophilic fermentative bacterium has been isolated from the black sediment below a gypsum crust and a microbial mat in hypersaline ponds of Mediterranean salterns. Morphologically, physiologically and genetically this organism belongs to the genus Haloanaerobacter. Haloanaerobacter strain SG 3903^T(T = type strain) is composed of non-sporulating long flexible rods with peritrichous flagella, able to grow in the salinity range of 5--30% NaCI, with an optimum at 14--15%. The strain grows by fermenting carbohydrates or by using the Stickland reaction with either serine or H₂ as electron donors and glycine-betaine as acceptor, which is reduced to trimethylamine. The two species described so far in the genus Haloanaerobacter are not capable of Stickland reaction with glycine-betaine + serine; however, Haloanaerobacter chitinovorans can use glycine-betaine with H₂ as electron donor. Strain SG 3903^Tthus represents the first described strain in the genus Haloanaerobacter capable of the Stickland reaction with two amino acids. Although strain SG 3903^Tshowed 67% DNA-DNA relatedness to H. chitinovorans, it is physiologically sufficiently different from the two described species to be considered as a new species which has been named Haloanaerobacter salinarius sp. nov.

Key Words: marine salterns • halophilic fermentative bacteria • Haloanaerobacter • glycine-betaine • Stickland reaction

The EMBL accession number for the 16S rRNA sequence of SG 3903^Tis Y14212.

Present address: Laboratoire d'Ecologie moléculaire-IBEAS, Université de Pau, Ave. de I'Université, F-64000 Pau, France.

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