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Phylogeny and photosynthetic features of Thiobacillus acidophilus and related acidophilic bacteria: its transfer to the genus Acidiphilium as Acidiphilium acidophilum comb. nov.

¹Department of Ecological Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441, Japan
²Department of Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji 192–03, Japan
³Biological Laboratory, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki 211, Japan
⁴Department of Bioscience and Technology, Iwate University, Morioka 020, Japan
⁵Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183, Japan

⁶Tel: +81 532 44 6913. Fax: +81 532 44 6929. e-mail: hiraishi{at}eco.tut.ac.jp

ABSTRACT

Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA sequences and genomic DNA-DNA relatedness showed that the sulphur-oxidizing facultative chemolithotroph Thiobacillus acidophilus was closely related to members of the genus Acidiphilium, which is a group of strictly aerobic, heterotrophic acidophiles now categorized into aerobic photosynthetic bacteria. Lipophilic pigment analyses revealed that zinc-chelated bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids occurred in appreciable amounts in T. acidophilus and all established species of the genus Acidiphilium. PCR experiments showed that T. acidophilus as well as Acidiphilium species contained puf genes, encoding the photosynthetic reaction centre proteins and the core light-harvesting complex of the purple bacteria. There were high similarities between T. acidophilus and Acidiphilium species in the primary structure of their reaction centre proteins deduced from the nucleotide sequence data. The phylogenetic tree of the reaction centre proteins was in agreement with the 16S rDNA sequence-based phylogenetic tree in the relationship between T. acidophilus and Acidiphilium species and between the Acidiphilium cluster and other purple photosynthetic bacteria. Based on these results, together with previous phylogenetic and phenotypic information, it is proposed to reclassify T. acidophilus (Guay and Silver) Harrison 1983 as Acidiphilium acidophilum comb. nov. The type strain is ATCC 27807^T(= DSM 700^T).

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