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Shewanella amazonensis sp. nov., a novel metal-reducing facultative anaerobe from Amazonian shelf muds

¹Center for Great Lakes Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA
²Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794–5000, USA
³DSMZ, Mascheroder Weg 1b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
⁴California Institute of Technology, Dept of Environmental Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd, Mail Code 138–78, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

Author for correspondence: Kasthuri Venkateswaran. Tel: +1 626 395 2994. Fax: +1 626 395 2940. e-mail: kjvenkat{at}cco.caltech.edu

ABSTRACT

A new bacterial species belonging to the genus Shewanella is described on the basis of phenotypic characterization and sequence analysis of its 16S rRNA-encoding and gyrase B (gyrB) genes. This organism, isolated from shallowwater marine sediments derived from the Amazon River delta, is a Gramnegative, motile, polarly flagellated, facultatively anaerobic rod-shaped eubacterium and has a G+C content of 51.7 mol%. Strain SB2B^Tis exceptionally active in the anaerobic reduction of iron, manganese and sulfur compounds. SB2B^Tgrows optimally at 35 °C, with 1–3% NaCl and over a pH range of 7–8. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence revealed a clear affiliation between strain SB2B^Tand members of the gamma subclass of the class Proteobacteria. High similarity values were found with certain members of the genus Shewanella, especially with Shewanella putrefaciens, and this was supported by cellular fatty acid profiles and phenotypic characterization. DNA-DNA hybridization between strain SB2B^Tand its phylogenetically closest relatives revealed low similarity values (24.6–42.7%) which indicated species status for strain SB2B^T. That SB2B^Trepresents a distinct bacterial species within the genus Shewanella is also supported by gyrB sequence analysis. Considering the source of the isolate, the name Shewanella amazonensis sp. nov. is proposed and strain SB2B^T(= ATCC 700329^T) is designated as the type strain.

Key Words: Shewanella amazonensis sp. nov. • metal reduction • gamma Proteobacteria • 16S rRNA • DNA gyrase

The GenBank accession numbers for the nucleotide sequences in this paper are: S. amazonensis ATCC 700329^T-AF005257 (gyrB) and AF005248 (16S rDNA); S. algae ATCC 51192^T- AF005686 (gyrB) and AF005249 (16S rDNA); S. benthica ATCC 43992^TgyrB, AF014949; S. hanedai ATCC 33224^TgyrB. AF005693; S. frigidimarina ACAM 591^TgyrB, AF014947; S. gelidimarina ACAM 456^TgyrB, AF014946; S. putrefaciens ATCC 8071^TgyrB, AF005669; S. woodyi ATCC 51908^TgyrB, AF014944; Shewanella sp. ANG-SQ1 gyrB, AF014945.

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