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Unité des rickettsies, CNRS UPRES-A 6020, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranéé, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
Author for correspondence: D. Raoult. Tel: +33 4 91 32 43 75. Fax: +33 4 91 38 77 72. e-mail: Didier.Raoult{at}medecine.univmrs.fr
ABSTRACT
Rickettsiae are classified in the order Rickettsiales and have been included in the 
subclass of the class Proteobacteria on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. To estimate the evolutionary forces that have shaped the members of the spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae, the ompA gene (apart from the tandem repeat units), encoding an antigenic high-molecularmass membrane protein specific for the group, was amplified and sequenced from 21 isolates. The phylogenetic relationships between SFG rickettsiae were inferred from the comparison of both the gene and derived protein sequences, using the parsimony, neighbour-joining and maximum-likelihood methods. Three strongly supported phylogenetic sub-groups were distinguished: first, the Rickettsia conorii complex (R. conorii Malish, R. conorii M1, R. conorii Moroccan, R. conorii Indian tick typhus, Astrakhan fever rickettsia and Israeli tick typhus rickettsia); second, a cluster including Rickettsia africae, strain S, Rickettsia parkeri, Rickettsia sibirica and ‘Rickettsia mongolotimonae’; and, third, a cluster including Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Rickettsia rhipicephali, Rickettsia massiliae, Bar 29 and Rickettsia montanensis. Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia japonica, Rickettsia slovaca and Thai tick typhus rickettsia did not cluster with any other Rickettsia species. To test whether positive selection was responsible for sequences diversity, rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions were compared for Rickettsia ompA alleles and indicated that this gene is undergoing neutral evolution.
Key Words: spotted fever group rickettsiae • phylogenetic analysis • outer-membrane protein rOmpA • Rickettsia
The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences in this paper are listed in Methods.
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