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Phenotypic diversity of Pseudoalteromonas citrea from different marine habitats and emendation of the description

¹Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Pr. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 159, Russia
⁵Institute of Marine Biology, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Pr. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 159, Russia
²Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences, 252143 Kiev, Zabolotnogo St, 154, Ukraine
³Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 603600 N. Novgorod, Russia
⁴Osaka National Research Institute, AIST, Ikeda, Osaka 563, Japan

Author for correspondence: Elena P. Ivanova (Russia address). Fax: +7 4232 31 4050. e-mail: ivep{at}piboc.marine.su

ABSTRACT

Four strains of marine, aerobic, agar-decomposing bacteria with one polar flagellum and with DNA G+C contents of 38.9-40.2 mol% were isolated from the Far-Eastern mussels Crenomytilus grayanus and Patinopecten yessoensis. These four strains were identified as Pseudoalteromon as; however, they were phenotypically different from species described previously according to carbon compound utilization tests and the BIOLOG identification system. High agar-decomposing activity was found in two strains, in one of which agarase, -galactosidase, pustulanase and laminarinase had been detected. The level of DNA homology of three of the strains was 70-100%. The fourth isolate was genetically less related to the others (67 % DNA relatedness) and phenotypically was more distant from other members of this group; however, all four strains were assigned to a single species genotypically. DNA from the strains isolated from mussels showed 40-45% genetic relatedness with the DNA of Alteromonas atlantica, 8-36% with DNA of Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis subsp. haloplanktis, Pseudoalteromon as haloplanktis subsp. tetraodonis, Pseudoalteromon as undina, Pseudoalteromon as nigrifaciens and Pseudoalteromon as carrageenovora, 53% with Pseudoalteromon as elyakovii, 32-48% with marine P. nigrifaciens from mussels and 14-16% with Alteromonas macleodii. The DNA-DNA hybridization data revealed that the levels of relatedness between the strains isolated and the type strains of Pseudoalteromon as citrea and Pseudoalteromon as fuliginea described recently were significant (95-85 %). These results were confirmed by serological data employing polyclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens. The strains isolated from mussels were identified as P. citrea. The hybridization data showed that the name P. fuliginea Romanenko et al. 1994 should be recognized as a junior subjective synonym of P. citrea Gauthier 1977. A notable phenotypic diversity of P. citrea which might be a reflection of their ecological habitats is discussed.

Key Words: marine bacteria • Pseudoalteromonas citrea

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