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1Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
2Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
3German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
4Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
Author for correspondence: E. A. Bonch-Osmolovskaya. e-mail: Ibo{at}imbran.msk.su
ABSTRACT
Two extremely thermophilic archaea, designated W-12 and P-4, were isolated from a geothermal vent in the tidal zone of Whale Island, New Zealand, and from geothermally heated bottom deposits of the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, respectively. Cells of isolate W-12 are irregular cocci, 0·3--1·2 pm in diameter, motile with polar flagella. The cell envelope consists of one layer of subunits with a major protein of Mr 75000. Cells produce protrusions of different kinds: prostheca-like, chains of bubbles, or network of fimbriae. Cells of isolate P-4 are regular cocci, 0·7--1·0 µm in diameter, motile with polar flagella. The cell envelope consists of two layers of subunits; its major protein has an Mr of 56000. Both organisms are obligate anaerobes, fermenting peptides in the case of strain W-12, or peptides and starch in the case of P-4. Elemental sulfur is required for growth and is reduced to hydrogen sulfide. The optimal growth temperature of the new isolates is in the range 80-88 °C. The optimal growth pH is 6·5--7·2. The G+C content of the DNA of strain W-12 is 50·6 mol%, and of strain P-4 is 53·3 mol%. Based on physiological characteristics, 16S rDNA sequence comparison and DNA base composition, the new isolates were considered to be members of the genus Thermococcus. The low level of DNA-DNA hybridization with the type strains of other Thermococcus species confirms the novel species status of the new isolates. The new isolates are described as Thermococcus gorgonarius sp. nov., with type strain W-12 (= DSM 10395T), and Thermococcus pacificus sp. nov., with type strain P-4 (= DSM 10394T).
Key Words: Thermococcus gorgonarius sp. nov. • Thermococcus pacificus sp. nov. • thermophiles • archaea
The EMBL accession numbers for the partial sequences described in this paper are Y16226 and Y16227.
Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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