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1Juvegroup Oy Ltd, Pahtajakuja 7, Rovaniemi 96400, Finland
2Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Box 56, SF-00014, Finland
3Institute of Microbiology, Belarus Academy of Sciences, Zhodinskaya 2, Minsk 220141, Belarus
4Department of Microbiology, 508 Life Sciences Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
5Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142292, Russia
6DSMZ -- Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
Author for correspondence: Gennadi M. Zaitsev. Tel: +358 16 380 222. Fax: +358 16 380 220/16 342 4687. e-mail: gennad.zaitsev{at}juvegroup.fi
ABSTRACT
The genus Ammoniphilus is proposed for aerobic endospore-forming Gram-variable rod-shaped bacteria, which are ammonium-dependent, obligately oxalotrophic and haloalkalitolerant, oxidase- and catalase-positive, mesophilic and motile by peritrichous flagella. Cell wall contained two electron-dense layers. The external layer consists of a chain of electron-dense granules morphologically resembling the cellulosomes of Clostridium thermocellum. Two species are described, Ammoniphilus oxalaticus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Ammoniphilus oxalivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strains of these species are strains RAOx-1 (= DSM 11538) and RAOx-FS (= DSM 11537), respectively. Ammoniphilus strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of sorrel (Rumex acetosa) and from decaying wood. The strains require a high concentration of ammonium ions and use oxalate as the sole organic source of carbon and energy for growth; no growth factors were required. Growth occurred at pH 6·8--9·5. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 28--30 °C and 8·0--8·5. All strains grew in a saturated solution of ammonium oxalate, and tolerated 3% NaCl. Whole-cell hydrolysates contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and glucose. The menaquinone of the strains was MK 7, and the major cellular fatty acids were 12-methyl tetradecanoic, cis-hexadec-9-enoic and hexadecanoic acids. The G+C content of the DNA was 45--46 mol% for A. oxalaticus and 42 mol% for A. oxalivorans. The almost complete 16S rDNA sequence of three strains of the two species of Ammoniphilus shows that the genus falls into the radiation of the Clostridium-Bacillus subphylum of Gram-positive bacteria. The closest phylogenetic neighbour of Ammoniphilus is Oxalophagus oxalicus. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains RAOx-1 and RAOx-FS was 39·7%.
Key Words: Ammoniphilus oxalaticus gen. nov., sp. nov. • Ammoniphilus oxalivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. • oxalotrophic bacteria
The EMBL accession numbers for the 16S rDNA sequences from strains RAOx-1T, RAOx-FST and RAOx-FF are Y14578, Y14580 and Y14579, respectively.
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