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Isolation and Characterization of the Homoacetogenic Thermophilic Bacterium Moorella glycerini sp. nov.

¹Department of Microbiology and Center for Biological Resource Recovery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602–2605;
²Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903;
³Department of Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address:Department of Microbiology, 215 Biological Sciences Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602–2605. Phone: (706) 542–2651. Fax: (706) 542–2651 or –2674. E-mail: jwiegel{at}uga.cc.uga.edu.

ABSTRACT

A thermophilic, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium (strain JW/AS-Y6^T) was isolated from a mixed sediment-water sample from a hot spring (Calcite Spring area) at Yellowstone National Park. The vegetative cells of this organism were straight rods, 0.4 to 0.6 by 3.0 to 6.5 µ.m. Cells occurred singly and exhibited a slight tumbling motility. They formed round refractile endospores in terminal swollen sporangia. Cells stained gram positive. The temperature range for growth at pH 6.8 was 43 to 65°C, with optimum growth at 58°C. The range for growth at 60°C (pH^60C; with the pH meter calibrated at 60°C) was 5.9 to 7.8, with an optimum pH600 of 6.3 to 6.5. The substrates utilized included glycerol, glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, xylose, lactate, glycerate, pyruvate, and yeast extract. In the presence of CO₂, acetate was the only organic product from glycerol and carbohydrate fermentation. No H₂ was produced during growth. The strain was not able to grow chemolitho-trophically at the expense of H₂-CO₂; however, suspensions of cells in the exponential growth phase consumed H₂. The bacterium reduced fumarate to succinate and thiosulfate to elemental sulfur. Growth was inhibited by ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, rifampin, and tetracycline, but not by streptomycin. The G+C content of the DNA was 54.5 mol% (as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography). The 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis placed the isolate in the Gram type-positive Bacillus-Clostridium subphylum. On the basis of physiological properties and phylogenetic analysis we propose that the isolated strain constitutes a new species, Moorella glycerini; the type strain is JW/AS-Y6 (= DSM 11254 = ATCC 700316).

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