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1Insritut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover Germany
2Institut für Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Universität Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
3Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
4Zentrum für Ultrastrukturforschung and Ludwig Boltzmann-Institut für Molekulare Nanotechnologie, Universität für Bodenkultur. A-1180 Vienna, Austria
5Institut für Ingenieurbiologie und Biotechnologie des Abwassers, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 50, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. Phone: 49 511 762 4718. Fax: 49 511 762 5287.
ABSTRACT
Strictly anaerobic, gram-positive, nonsporing, thin rod-shaped organisms whose cells were 0.2 to 0.6 by 3 to 6 µm were isolated from a Hoechst Biohochreaktor (strain FaeT [T = type strain]) and from the biofilm population of a fixed-film reactor treating sour whey (strain FT). Strain FT was vigorously motile during early logarithmic growth by means of peritrichously inserted flagella, while strain FaeT was seldom motile and usually possessed no flagella. During the stationary growth phase both strains formed spheroplasts. The temperature optimum was close to 37°C (temperature range for growth, 
17 to <45°C) and the pH optimum was 7.0 to 7.4 (pH range, 6.5 to 8.0) for both strains. The two organisms grew chemoorganotrophically on a number of mono- and disaccharides, including glucose and xylose; yeast extract was required for growth. The principal fermentation products from glucose included lactate, acetate, ethanol, formate, and CO2. Hydrogen was not generated. The G+C contents of the DNAs of strains FaeT and FT were 55 and 54.5 mol%, respectively. The cell wall architecture was typical of gram-positive bacteria; the cells had an extraordinarily thin type A3
peptidoglycan layer containing muramic acid. Analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of the two new isolates demonstrated that they represent members of a new genus of bacteria in Clostridium cluster IV of the domain Bacteria and that the misclassified organism Fusobacterium prausnitzii and Clostridium leptum are among their closest relatives. The names Anaerofilum pentosovorans gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain, strain Fae [= DSM 7168]) and Anaerofilum agile sp. nov. (type strain, strain F [= DSM 4272]) are proposed.
This work is dedicated to the 65th birthday of Hans Diekmann, Hannover, Germany. This article has been cited by other articles:
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