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Phylogenesis of Relapsing Fever Borrelia spp.

¹Unité de Bactériologie Moléculaire et Médicate, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15
²and Unité des Rickettsies, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique EP J 0054 Faculté de la Timone, Marseille, France
³Department of Medical Microbiology: Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London, United Kingdom
⁴Unité d'Ecologie des Systemes Vectoriels, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Unité de Bactériologie Moléculaire et Médicale, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. Phone: 33 1 45 68 83 37. Fax: 33 1 40 61 30 01. Electronic mail address: dpostic{at}pasteur.fr.

ABSTRACT

The phylogenetic relationships of 20 relapsing fever (RF) Borrelia spp. were estimated on the basis of the sequences of rrs genes. Complete sequences were aligned and compared with previously published sequences, and the similarity values were found to be 97.7 to 99.9%. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by using the three neighbor-joining, maximum-parsimony, and maximum-likelihood methods. The results of the comparative phylogenetic analysis divided the RF Borrelia spp. into three major clusters. One cluster included Borrelia crocidurae, Borrelia duttonii, Borrelia recurrentis, and Borrelia hispanica. Another cluster comprised two main branches with Borrelia coriaceae, Borrelia lonestari, and Borrelia miyamotoi on one side and Borrelia parkeri, Borrelia turicatae, and Borrelia hermsii on the other side. Borrelia anserina constituted the third cluster. The phylogenetic position of Borrelia persica was more uncertain. These results suggested that the taxonomy of these spirochetes should be revised. To overcome the problems of culturing the spirochetes, RF Borrelia primers were defined. Following PCR amplification of the rrs gene, restriction length fragment polymorphism could be used to distinguish between RF Borrelia strains.

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